Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2228-5881 14 3 2024 10 10 PGV-1 Causes Disarrangement of Spindle Microtubule Organization Resulting in Aberrant Mitosis in HLF and HuH6 Cells Associated with Altered MYCN Status 665 674 10.34172/apb.2024.058 EN Nadzifa Nugraheni https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1918-0155 Ummi Maryam Zulfin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4133-0669 Beni Lestari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-0572 Novia Permata Hapsari Muthi Ikawati https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5968-0130 Rohmad Yudi Utomo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-9417 Yusuke Suenaga https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6902-5386 Yoshitaka Hippo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4975-1812 Edy Meiyanto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-6322 Journal Article 10.34172/apb.2024.058 2023 12 14 2024 07 30 Purpose: The HLF and HuH-6 cell lines represent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with different characteristics in chromosome content that may give different drug responses. Here, PGV-1 was intended to challenge the growth-suppressing effect on HLF and HuH-6 and trace the molecular target mechanism of action compared to sorafenib. Methods: We applied MTT cytotoxic assay, colony forming assay, flow cytometry analysis, immunofluorescence assay and western blot assay. Results: PGV-1 exhibited cytotoxic effects on HLF and HuH-6 with IC-50 values of 1 µM and 2 µM, respectively, whereas sorafenib showed less cytotoxicity with IC-50 values of 5 µM and 8 µM respectively. PGV-1 suppressed the cell growth permanently but not for sorafenib. Sorafenib did not change the cell cycle profiles on both cells, but PGV-1 arrested the cells at G2/M with the characteristic of senescent cells and mitotic disarrangement. PGV-1 and sorafenib showed the same effect in downregulating p-EGFR, indicating that both compounds have the same target on EGFR activation or as Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. PGV-1 suppressed the MYCN expression in HuH-6 and HLF cells but stabilized cMYC-T58 indicating that even though the MYCN was downregulated, the cells maintained the active form of cMYC. In this regard, PGV-1 also stabilized the expression of PLK-1 and AurA. Conclusion: PGV-1 elicits stronger cytotoxic properties compared to sorafenib. The lower the MYCN expression, the higher the cytotoxic effect of PGV-1. PGV-1 abrogates cell cycle progression of both cells in mitosis through EGFR inhibition and stabilizes PLK-1 and AurA in correlation with the suppression of MYCN expression.