Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2228-5881 13 3 2023 07 10 Biosynthesis of Quantum Dots and Their Therapeutic Applications in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer and SARS-CoV-2 411 422 10.34172/apb.2023.065 EN Musa Moetasam Zorab https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6792-0010 Navid Mohammadjani Morahem Ashengroph https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-0192 Mehran Alavi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5691-8326 REVIEW 10.34172/apb.2023.065 2022 04 14 2022 12 05 Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor materials that range from 2 nm to 10 nm. These nanomaterials (NMs) are smaller and have more unique properties compared to conventional nanoparticles (NPs). One of the unique properties of QDs is their special optoelectronic properties, making it possible to apply these NMs in bioimaging. Different size and shape QDs, which are used in various fields such as bioimaging, biosensing, cancer therapy, and drug delivery, have so far been produced by chemical methods. However, chemical synthesis provides expensive routes and causes serious environmental and health issues. Therefore, various biological systems such as bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae, and plants are considered as potent eco-friendly green nanofactories for the biosynthesis of QDs, which are both economic and environmentally safe. The review aims to provide a descriptive overview of the various microbial agents for the synthesis of QDs and their biomedical applications for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and SARS-CoV-2.