Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2228-5881 13 3 2023 07 10 Virus-Specific T Cells: Promising Adoptive T Cell Therapy Against Infectious Diseases Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 469 482 10.34172/apb.2023.046 EN Arsalan Jalili https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2810-8406 Abbas Hajifathali Mozhdeh Mohammadian Ghazaleh Sankanian Maryam Sayahinouri Mahmoud Dehghani Ghorbi Elham Roshandel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3698-4342 Nasser Aghdami https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-7878 REVIEW 10.34172/apb.2023.046 2022 05 14 2022 11 02 Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a life-saving therapy for various hematologic disorders. Due to the bone marrow suppression and its long recovery period, secondary infections, like cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Bar virus (EBV), and adenovirus (AdV), are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in HSCT cases. Drug resistance to the antiviral pharmacotherapies makes researchers develop adoptive T cell therapies like virus-specific T cell therapy. These studies have faced major challenges such as finding the most effective T cell expansion methods, isolating the expected subtype, defining the functionality of the end-cell population, product quality control, and clinical complications after the injection. This review discusses the viral infections after HSCT, T cells characteristics during chronic viral infection, application of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) for refractory infections, standard methods for producing VSTs and their limitation, clinical experiences on VSTs, focusing on outcomes and side effects that can be helpful in decision-making for patients and further researches.