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Adv Pharm Bull. 2022;12(3): 490-508.
doi: 10.34172/apb.2022.052
PMID: 35935056
PMCID: PMC9348538
Scopus ID: 85140416915
  Abstract View: 876
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Review Article

Nanotechnology Approaches for Enhanced CNS Drug Delivery in the Management of Schizophrenia

Rajalakshmi Rajendran 1 ORCID logo, Krishnakumar Neelakandha Menon 2*, Sreeja Chandrasekharan Nair 1* ORCID logo

1 Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India.
2 Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India.
*Corresponding Authors: Corresponding Author: Krishnakumar Neelakandha Menon , Email: , Email: krishnakumarmenon@aims.amrita. edu; Corresponding Author: Sreeja Chandrasekharan Nair, Email: , Email: sreejacnair@aims.amrita.edu

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder mainly affecting the central nervous system (CNS), presented with auditory and visual hallucinations, delusion and withdrawal from society. Abnormal dopamine levels mainly characterise the disease; various theories of neurotransmitters explain the pathophysiology of the disease. The current therapeutic approach deals with the systemic administration of drugs other than the enteral route, altering the neurotransmitter levels within the brain and providing symptomatic relief. Fluid biomarkers help in the early detection of the disease, which would improve the therapeutic efficacy. However, the major challenge faced in CNS drug delivery is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanotherapeutic approaches may overcome these limitations, which will improve safety, efficacy, and targeted drug delivery. This review article addresses the main challenges faced in CNS drug delivery and the significance of current therapeutic strategies and nanotherapeutic approaches for a better understanding and enhanced drug delivery to the brain, which improve the quality of life of schizophrenia patients.
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Submitted: 28 Jun 2020
Revision: 02 Jun 2021
Accepted: 27 Sep 2021
ePublished: 02 Oct 2021
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