Sholahuddin Rhatomy
1* 
, Dwikora Novembri Utomo
2, Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
3, Fedik Abdul Rantam
4,5, Heri Suroto
2, Ferdiansyah Mahyudin
21 Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
2 Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
3 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
4 Virology and Immunology Laboratory, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia.
5 Stem Cell Research and Development Center, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia.
Abstract
The hypoxic environment is a substantial factor in maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of the cell cultures. Low oxygen is known as a potent chondrogenesis stimulus in stem cells that is important for clinical application and engineering of functional cartilage. Hypoxia can potentially induce angiogenesis process by secretion of cytokines. This systematic review goal is to discover the effect of hypoxic condition on tendon/ ligament culture and the best oxygen level of hypoxia for in vitro and in vivo studies. We included 21 articles. A comprehensive review of this database confirms that the hypoxic condition is a substantial factor in the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of ligament/tendon cultures. Cell proliferation in the severe hypoxic (oxygen concentration of 1%) group at 24 h postcultivation was considered significant, but cell proliferation was markedly inhibited in the severe hypoxic group after 48 h.