AmirAhmad Arabzadeh
1 
, Elnaz Faghfuri
2, Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani
3, Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
4, Samaneh Siapush
5, Kazem Nejati-Koshki
6, Bita Shahrami
7, Vahid Asghariazar
8, Yasamin Pahlavan
9* 1 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
3 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
5 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
6 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
7 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
8 Immunology Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
9 Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Abstract
Despite the improvements in endovascular techniques during the last decades, there is still an increase in the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) with limited practical treatment, which timeline impact of any intervention for critical limb ischemia (CLI) is poor. Most common treatments are not suitable for many patients due to their underlying diseases, including aging and diabetes. On the one hand, there are limitations for current therapies due to the contraindications of some individuals, and on the other hand, there are many side effects caused by common medications, for instance, anticoagulants. Therefore, novel treatment strategies like regenerative medicine, cell-based therapies, Nano-therapy, gene therapy, and targeted therapy, besides other traditional drugs combination therapy for PAD, are newly considered promising therapy. Genetic material encoding for specific proteins concludes with a potential future for developed treatments. Novel approaches for therapeutic angiogenesis directly used the angiogenetic factors originating from key biomolecules such as genes, proteins, or cell-based therapy to induce blood vessel formation in adult tissues to initiate the recovery process in the ischemic limb. As PAD is associated with high mortality and morbidity of patients causing disability, considering the limited treatment choices for these patients, developing new treatment strategies to prevent PAD progression and extending life expectancy, and preventing threatening complications is urgently needed. This review aims to introduce the current and the novel strategies for PAD treatment that lead to new challenges for relief the patient’s suffered from the disorder.