Dito Anurogo
1,2 
, Dewi Luthfiana
3, Nuralfin Anripa
4,5 , Apriliani Ismi Fauziah
6, Maratu Soleha
7,8, Laila Rahmah
9,10, Hana Ratnawati
11, Teresa Liliana Wargasetia
11, Sari Eka Pratiwi
12, Riswal Nafi Siregar
7, Ratis Nour Sholichah
13, Muhammad Sobri Maulana
14 , Taruna Ikrar
15,16,17,18,19*, Yu Hsiang Chang
1,20, Jiantai Timothy Qiu
1,21,22* 1 International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan.
2 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Makassar, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90221, Indonesia
3 Bioinformatics Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Bioinformatics (INBIO), Malang, East Java , 65162, Indonesia.
4 Department of Environmental Science, Dumoga University, Kotamobagu, South Sulawesi, 95711, Indonesia.
5 Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
6 MSc Program in Tropical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 807378, Taiwan.
7 National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Central Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia.
8 IKIFA College of Health Sciences, East Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, 13470, Indonesia.
9 Department of Digital Health, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416634793, Iran.
10 Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, 60113, Indonesia.
11 Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, 40164, Indonesia.
12 Department of Biology and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, 78115, Indonesia.
13 Department of Biotechnology, Postgraduate School of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55284, Indonesia.
14 Community Health Center (Puskesmas) Temon 1, Kulon Progo, Special Region of Yogyakarta, 55654, Indonesia.
15 Director of Members-at-Large, International Association of Medical Regulatory Authorities (IAMRA), Texas, 76039, USA.
16 Aivita Biomedical Inc., Irvine, California, 92612, USA.
17 Chairman of Medical Council, The Indonesian Medical Council (KKI), Central Jakarta, 10350, Indonesia.
18 Adjunct Professor, School of Military Medicine, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University (RIDU), Jakarta Pusat, 10440, Indonesia.
19 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Malahayati University, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, 35152, Indonesia.
20 Locus Cell Co., LTD., Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City, 221, Taiwan.
21 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan.
22 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan.
*Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Malahayati University, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC., email: jtqiu1010@tmu.edu.tw Email dr.ikrar.phd@gmail.com, jtqiu1010@tmu.edu.tw
Abstract
Purpose: Lymphoma, the most predominant neoplastic disorder, is divided into Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma classifications. Immunotherapeutic modalities have emerged as essential methodologies in combating lymphoid malignancies. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells exhibit promising responses in chemotherapy-resistant B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases.
Methods: This comprehensive review delineates the advancement of CAR-T cell therapy as an immunotherapeutic instrument, the selection of lymphoma antigens for CAR-T cell targeting, and the conceptualization, synthesis, and deployment of CAR-T cells. Furthermore, it encompasses the advantages and disadvantages of CAR-T cell therapy and the prospective horizons of CAR-T cells from a computational research perspective. In order to improve the design and functionality of artificial CARs, there is a need for TCR recognition investigation, followed by the implementation of a quality surveillance methodology.
Results: Various lymphoma antigens are amenable to CAR-T cell targeting, such as CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, the kappa light chain, and ROR1. A notable merit of CAR-T cell therapy is the augmentation of the immune system’s capacity to generate tumoricidal activity in patients exhibiting chemotherapy-resistant lymphoma. Nevertheless, it also introduces manufacturing impediments that are laborious, technologically demanding, and financially burdensome. Physical, physicochemical, and physiological limitations further exacerbate the challenge of treating solid neoplasms with CAR-T cells.
Conclusion: While the efficacy and safety of CAR-T cell immunotherapy remain subjects of fervent investigation, the promise of this cutting-edge technology offers valuable insights for the future evolution of lymphoma treatment management approaches. Moreover, CAR-T cell therapies potentially benefit patients, motivating regulatory bodies to foster international collaboration.