Abstract
Targeted therapy has transformed the landscapes of medical care and pharmaceutical innovation fundamentally, due to selective efficacy on pathological tissues and minimized toxicity to normal cells particularly in oncology. As a necessary tool for implementing targeted therapy, biomarkers of pathogenesis-driven pathways were initially validated to determine the susceptible patient subgroup with a disease. Subsequently such biomarkers were also corroborated in some patients from multiple disease types, conferring a rationale to run drug development in a less risky and more affordable manner through repurpose or tissue-agnostic approval recently. To reflect the evolving trend, this article thus presents an update on the outstanding targeted medications with an extending list of clinical indications in oncology and beyond. It tends not only to shed lights on an emerging classification framework of disease according to the shared molecular pathogenesis across various organs/tissues，but also to inspire more efficient paradigms of pharmaceutic innovation in a broader medical perspective.