Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Acne Treatment: Current Progress and Clinical Feasibility

Abstract

Acne vulgaris, a widespread inflammatory skin disorder, affects millions globally and is particularly common among teenagers and young adults. Acne arises due to a multifactorial interplay of genetic predisposition, hormonal fluctuations, environmental influences, and microbial activity, often complicating treatment; and is characterized by the development of various skin lesions, including comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. These manifestations typically appear in areas with high sebaceous gland density, such as the face, neck, chest, and upper back. Conventional therapies such as antibiotics, retinoids, and hormonal modulators face challenges including side effects, antimicrobial resistance, and inconsistent patient adherence. Drug delivery systems utilizing nanotechnology show significant potential, particularly through lipid-based carriers such as liposomes, niosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). These systems optimize therapeutic efficacy by improving absorption rates, enabling controlled and prolonged drug release, and reducing localized irritation. This review examines acne’s biological mechanisms, evaluates existing treatments, and explores lipid nanoparticle technology as a means to refine targeted therapies, paving the way for advancements in personalized skincare.

Keywords: Acne vulgaris, lipid nanoparticle, liposome