Logo-apb
Adv Pharm Bull. 2017;7(4): 515-530. doi: 10.15171/apb.2017.064
PMID: 29399542        PMCID: PMC5788207

Review Article

Cross-Linked Hydrogel for Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review

Rabinarayan parhi 1 *

Cited by CrossRef: 356


1- Yin W, Ran P, Yang L, Peng Z, Jin C, Chen L, Liu C, Li J. A biomimetic microfluidic chip based on the bubble filtration mechanism of stomatal pore membranes. New J Chem. 2024;48(33):14605 [Crossref]
2- Zhou Y, Pan M, Lin R, Huang H. Advances in hydrogel materials applied to pancreatic-related diseases. 2024;7(3):222 [Crossref]
3- Vildanova R, Petrova S, Kolesov S, Khutoryanskiy V. Biodegradable Hydrogels Based on Chitosan and Pectin for Cisplatin Delivery. Gels. 2023;9(4):342 [Crossref]
4- İ, Özbilenler C, Ustürk S, Kerküklü N, Gulcan H, Güran M, Gazi M. Preparation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Cryogels for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Media. J Water Chem Technol. 2024;46(2):157 [Crossref]
5- Bal T, Karaoglu I, Murat F, Yalcin E, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K, Kizilel S. Immunological response of polysaccharide nanogel-incorporating PEG hydrogels in anin vivodiabetic model. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition. 2022;33(14):1794 [Crossref]
6- Wartenberg A, Weisser J, Schnabelrauch M. Glycosaminoglycan-Based Cryogels as Scaffolds for Cell Cultivation and Tissue Regeneration. Molecules. 2021;26(18):5597 [Crossref]
7- Thien D, Lam D, Diem H, Pham T, Bui N, Truc T, Van-Pham D. Synthesis of cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid) with high water absorbency using pineapple-leaf extracted cellulose fibers. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2022;288:119421 [Crossref]
8- Garcia‐Aponte O, Kahlenberg S, Kouroupis D, Egger D, Kasper C. Effects of Hydrogels on Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Paracrine Activity and Extracellular Vesicles Production. J of Extracellular Vesicle. 2025;14(3) [Crossref]
9- Rofeal M, El-Malek F, Qi X. In vitro assessment of green polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan blend loaded with kaempferol nanocrystals as a potential dressing for infected wounds. Nanotechnology. 2021;32(37):375102 [Crossref]
10- Budharaju H, Zennifer A, Sethuraman S, Paul A, Sundaramurthi D. Designer DNA biomolecules as a defined biomaterial for 3D bioprinting applications. Mater Horiz. 2022;9(4):1141 [Crossref]
11- Sirousazar M, Khadivi H, Delir S. Swelling and Drying Mechanisms of Freeze-Thawed Polyvinyl Alcohol/Egg White/Montmorillonite Bionanocomposite Hydrogels. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B. 2020;59(5):309 [Crossref]
12- Shi Y, Hélary C, Coradin T. Exploring the cell–protein–mineral interfaces: Interplay of silica (nano)rods@collagen biocomposites with human dermal fibroblasts. Materials Today Bio. 2019;1:100004 [Crossref]
13- Costa F, Nave M, Lima-Sousa R, Alves C, Melo B, Correia I, de Melo-Diogo D. Development of Thiol-Maleimide hydrogels incorporating graphene-based nanomaterials for cancer chemo-photothermal therapy. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2023;635:122713 [Crossref]
14- Carpa R, Farkas A, Dobrota C, Butiuc-Keul A. Double-Network Chitosan-Based Hydrogels with Improved Mechanical, Conductive, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofouling Properties. Gels. 2023;9(4):278 [Crossref]
15- Zhang Z, An C, Yan C, Jin L, Dong H, Qi Y, Wang H, Zhang L. Advances in the application of gelatin-based materials in anterior segment diseases. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2025;308:142695 [Crossref]
16- J. Hossen M, Sarkar S, Uddin M, Roy C, Azam M. Mussel‐Inspired Adhesive Nano‐Filler for Strengthening Polyacrylamide Hydrogel. ChemistrySelect. 2020;5(29):8906 [Crossref]
17- Ubeyitogullari A, Ahmadzadeh S, Kandhola G, Kim J. Polysaccharide‐based porous biopolymers for enhanced bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive food compounds: Challenges, advances, and opportunities. Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe. 2022;21(6):4610 [Crossref]
18- Lavanya K, Chandran S, Balagangadharan K, Selvamurugan N. Temperature- and pH-responsive chitosan-based injectable hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2020;111:110862 [Crossref]
19- Rey Apostol Romal J, Kee Ong S. Marine polysaccharide-based hydrogels for critical materials selective removal and recovery: A review. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 2023;482:215054 [Crossref]
20- Duarte J, Mascarenhas-Melo F, Pires P, Veiga F, Paiva-Santos A. Multifunctional hydrogels-based therapies for chronic diabetic wound healing. European Polymer Journal. 2024;211:113026 [Crossref]
21- Mantry S, Behera A, Pradhan S, Mohanty L, Kumari R, Singh A, Yadav M. Polysaccharide-based chondroitin sulfate macromolecule loaded hydrogel/scaffolds in wound healing- A comprehensive review on possibilities, research gaps, and safety assessment. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2024;279:135410 [Crossref]
22- Ghrayeb M, Chai L. Demonstrating Principle Aspects of Peptide‐ and Protein‐ Based Hydrogels Using Metallogels Examples. Israel Journal of Chemistry. 2022;62(9-10) [Crossref]
23- Morin-Crini N, Lichtfouse E, Torri G, Crini G. Applications of chitosan in food, pharmaceuticals, medicine, cosmetics, agriculture, textiles, pulp and paper, biotechnology, and environmental chemistry. Environ Chem Lett. 2019;17(4):1667 [Crossref]
24- Nguyen H, Do N, Lac H, Nguyen P, Le P. Synthesis, properties, and applications of chitosan hydrogels as anti-inflammatory drug delivery system. J Porous Mater. 2023;30(2):655 [Crossref]
25- Palanivelu S, Gan S, Salleh K, Lindsey K, Sairi F, Che-Othman M, Zakaria S. Assessment of bio-based hydrogel as an alternative growth medium for seed germination and seedling growth in urban farming. Cellulose. 2023;30(12):7791 [Crossref]
26- José Alves Oliveira M, Otubo L, Pires A, Fernando Brambilla R, Cristina Carvalho A, Santos P, Oliveira Neto A, Vasquez P. Silver nanoparticles-based hydrogels synthetized by ionizing radiation for cleaning of tangible cultural heritage surfaces. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2022;199:110345 [Crossref]
27- Tang G, Tan Z, Zeng W, Wang X, Shi C, Liu Y, He H, Chen R, Ye X. Recent Advances of Chitosan-Based Injectable Hydrogels for Bone and Dental Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020;8 [Crossref]
28- Đekić L, Milinković Budinčić J, Stanić D, Fraj J, Petrović L. Carbomer Hydrogels with Microencapsulated α-Tocopherol: Focus on the Biocompatibility of the Microcapsules, Topical Application Attributes, and In Vitro Release Study. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(5):628 [Crossref]
29- Sánchez‐Fernández M, Rutjes J, Félix Lanao R, Bender J, van Hest J, Leeuwenburgh S. Bone‐Adhesive Hydrogels Based on Dual Crosslinked Poly(2‐oxazoline)s. Macromolecular Bioscience. 2021;21(12) [Crossref]
30- Pirsa S, Khodaei S, Karimi Sani I, Ghasemi Y, Jawhar Z, Eghbaljoo H. Hydrogels and biohydrogels: investigation of origin of production, production methods, and application. Polym Bull. 2023;80(10):10593 [Crossref]
31- Zhang Y, Wang Z, Sun Q, Li Q, Li S, Li X. Dynamic Hydrogels with Viscoelasticity and Tunable Stiffness for the Regulation of Cell Behavior and Fate. Materials. 2023;16(14):5161 [Crossref]
32- Yin B, Gosecka M, Bodaghi M, Crespy D, Youssef G, Dodda J, Wong S, Imran A, Gosecki M, Jobdeedamrong A, Afzali Naniz M, Zolfagharian A. Engineering multifunctional dynamic hydrogel for biomedical and tissue regenerative applications. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2024;487:150403 [Crossref]
33- Gu Z, He Y, Xiang H, Qin Q, Cao X, Jiang K, Zhang H, Li Y. Self-healing injectable multifunctional hydrogels for intervertebral disc disease. Materials Today Bio. 2025;32:101655 [Crossref]
34- Rana D, Desai N, Salave S, Karunakaran B, Giri J, Benival D, Gorantla S, Kommineni N. Collagen-Based Hydrogels for the Eye: A Comprehensive Review. Gels. 2023;9(8):643 [Crossref]
35- Shafiee A, Kehtari M, Zarei Z, Soleimani M, Varshochian R, Ahmadi A, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R. An in situ hydrogel-forming scaffold loaded by PLGA microspheres containing carbon nanotube as a suitable niche for neural differentiation. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2021;120:111739 [Crossref]
36- Tazehabadi M, Ansari M, Sabzevari A, Eslami H. Novel pH‐Sensitive Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)‐Poly(Acrylic Acid) Copolymeric Hydrogels for the In Vitro Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium to the Intestine. Polymers for Advanced Techs. 2025;36(2) [Crossref]
37- Sardaru M, Rosca I, Morariu S, Ursu E, Rotaru A. Synergistic Antibacterial Action of Norfloxacin-Encapsulated G4 Hydrogels: The Role of Boronic Acid and Cyclodextrin. Gels. 2025;11(1):35 [Crossref]
38- Loh W, Lin Q, Lim C, Guo L, Tang Y, Loh X, Lim J. Hofmeister effects of anions on self-assembled thermogels. Materials Today Chemistry. 2022;23:100674 [Crossref]
39- Andze L, Vitolina S, Berzins R, Rizikovs J, Godina D, Teresko A, Grinberga S, Sevostjanovs E, Cirule H, Liepinsh E, Paze A. Innovative Approach to Enhance Bioavailability of Birch Bark Extracts: Novel Method of Oleogel Development Contrasted with Other Dispersed Systems. Plants. 2024;13(1):145 [Crossref]
40- Minaei E, Ranson M, Aghmesheh M, Sluyter R, Vine K. Enhancing pancreatic cancer immunotherapy: Leveraging localized delivery strategies through the use of implantable devices and scaffolds. Journal of Controlled Release. 2024;373:145 [Crossref]
41- Pablos J, Lozano D, Manzano M, Vallet-Regí M. Regenerative medicine: Hydrogels and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Materials Today Bio. 2024;29:101342 [Crossref]
42- Shen C, Han Y, Xiong H, Wang Y, Tan Z, Wei H, Ding Q, Ma L, Ding C, Zhao T. Multifunctional hydrogel scaffolds based on polysaccharides and polymer matrices promote bone repair: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2025;294:139418 [Crossref]
43- Arumugam P, Kaarthikeyan G, Eswaramoorthy R. Comparative Evaluation of Three Different Demineralisation Protocols on the Physicochemical Properties and Biocompatibility of Decellularised Extracellular Matrix for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. 2024; [Crossref]
44- Ayaz U, Zaman M, Hameed H, Naeem S, Noor Khan I, Ahsan Waqar M, Niaz S, Ereej N, Salawi A. DMARDS incorporated injectable hydrogels in cartilage tissue regeneration: a review. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials. 2024;63(14):1843 [Crossref]
45- Kolipaka T, Pandey G, Abraham N, Srinivasarao D, Raghuvanshi R, Rajinikanth P, Tickoo V, Srivastava S. Stimuli-responsive polysaccharide-based smart hydrogels for diabetic wound healing: Design aspects, preparation methods and regulatory perspectives. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2024;324:121537 [Crossref]
46- Chen H, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Shao J, Li X, Bai M, Gong S, Liu T, Li J. A xylem fiber cell walls-inspired high-performance and multifunctional soy protein isolate adhesive with a double cross-linked strengthening network. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. 2025;138:103928 [Crossref]
47- Resmi R, Parvathy J, John A, Joseph R. Injectable self-crosslinking hydrogels for meniscal repair: A study with oxidized alginate and gelatin. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2020;234:115902 [Crossref]
48- Łabowska M, Cierluk K, Jankowska A, Kulbacka J, Detyna J, Michalak I. A Review on the Adaption of Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogels for 3D Cultures and Bioprinting. Materials. 2021;14(4):858 [Crossref]
49- Han X, Huang L, Mo Q, Wei Z, Wang Y, Li Y, Huang C, Duan Q, Wei Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Starch-Based Acid- and Alkali-Resistant Hydrogels Optimized by Box–Behnken Response Surface Methodology. Gels. 2022;8(9):585 [Crossref]
50- Khoshdooz S, Khoshdooz P, Bonyad R, Bonyad A, Sheidaei S, Nosrati R. Cubosomes-based hydrogels; A promising advancement for drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2025;674:125510 [Crossref]
51- Chafran L, Carfagno A, Altalhi A, Bishop B. Green Hydrogel Synthesis: Emphasis on Proteomics and Polymer Particle-Protein Interaction. Polymers. 2022;14(21):4755 [Crossref]
52- Kierulf A, Whaley J, Liu W, Smoot J, Jenab E, Perez Herrera M, Abbaspourrad A. Heat‐ and shear‐reversible networks in food: A review. Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe. 2022;21(4):3405 [Crossref]
53- Lisboa E, Serafim C, Santana W, dos Santos V, de Albuquerque-Junior R, Chaud M, Cardoso J, Jain S, Severino P, Souto E. Nanomaterials-combined methacrylated gelatin hydrogels (GelMA) for cardiac tissue constructs. Journal of Controlled Release. 2024;365:617 [Crossref]
54- Lima T, Passos M. Skin wounds, the healing process, and hydrogel-based wound dressings: a short review. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition. 2021;32(14):1910 [Crossref]
55- Mohanto S, Narayana S, Merai K, Kumar J, Bhunia A, Hani U, Al Fatease A, Gowda B, Nag S, Ahmed M, Paul K, Vora L. Advancements in gelatin-based hydrogel systems for biomedical applications: A state-of-the-art review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2023;253:127143 [Crossref]
56- Nadtoka O, Virych P, Kutsevol N. Hydrogels Loaded with Methylene Blue: Sorption-Desorption and Antimicrobial Photoactivation Study. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2020;2020:1 [Crossref]
57- Li Y, Zhao E, Li L, Bai L, Zhang W. Facile design of lidocaine-loaded polymeric hydrogel to persuade effects of local anesthesia drug delivery system: complete in vitro and in vivo toxicity analyses . Drug Delivery. 2021;28(1):1080 [Crossref]
58- Durkut S, Elçin Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Thermosensitive Poly(N‐Vinyl Caprolactam)‐Grafted‐Aminated Alginate Hydrogels. Macro Chemistry & Physics. 2020;221(2) [Crossref]
59- Rivera-Hernández G, Antunes-Ricardo M, Martínez-Morales P, Sánchez M. Polyvinyl alcohol based-drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2021;600:120478 [Crossref]
60- Heremans J, Ballet S, Martin C. The versatility of peptide hydrogels: From self‐assembly to drug delivery applications. Journal of Peptide Science. 2025;31(2) [Crossref]
61- Tasnim T, Adkins M, Lim T, Feng H, Magda J, Shea J, Agarwal J, Furse C, Zhang H. Thermally tunable hydrogel crosslinking mediated by temperature sensitive liposome. Biomed Mater. 2021;16(6):065026 [Crossref]
62- Tatarusanu S, Lupascu F, Profire B, Szilagyi A, Gardikiotis I, Iacob A, Caluian I, Herciu L, Giscă T, Baican M, Crivoi F, Profire L. Modern Approaches in Wounds Management. Polymers. 2023;15(17):3648 [Crossref]
63- Ogbonnaya M, Popoola A. Potential of mucilage-based hydrogel for passive cooling technology: Mucilage extraction techniques and elucidation of thermal, mechanical and physiochemical properties of mucilage-based hydrogel. AIMSMATES. 2023;10(6):1045 [Crossref]
64- Noosak C, Jantorn P, Thonglam J, Chuaychoosakoon C, Meesane J, Sotthibandhu D. Multifunctional hydrogel based on silk fibroin/thermosensitive polymers supporting implant biomaterials in osteomyelitis. 2024;24(1) [Crossref]
65- Fan P, Zeng Y, Zaldivar-Silva D, Agüero L, Wang S. Chitosan-Based Hemostatic Hydrogels: The Concept, Mechanism, Application, and Prospects. Molecules. 2023;28(3):1473 [Crossref]
66- Hmar E, Paul S, Boruah N, Sarkar P, Borah S, Sharma H. Apprehending Ulcerative Colitis Management With Springing Up Therapeutic Approaches: Can Nanotechnology Play a Nascent Role?. Curr Pathobiol Rep. 2021;9(1):9 [Crossref]
67- Yu X. Application of Hydrogels in Cardiac Regeneration. Cardiol Ther. 2023;12(4):637 [Crossref]
68- Sagar S, Alturki A, Farhan M, Bahadar A, Hossain N. Synergistic influence of tetraethyl orthosilicate crosslinker on mixed matrix hydrogels. Appl Nanosci. 2022;12(10):2923 [Crossref]
69- Zainul Armir N, Mohd Salleh K, Zulkifli A, Zakaria S. pH-responsive ampholytic regenerated cellulose hydrogel integrated with carrageenan and chitosan. Industrial Crops and Products. 2022;178:114588 [Crossref]
70- Kurhade R, Shaikh M, Nagulwar V, Kale M. Advancements in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modifications and their diverse biomedical applications: a comprehensive review. International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials. 2025;74(11):1043 [Crossref]
71- Chenani H, Saeidi M, Rastkhiz M, Bolghanabadi N, Aghaii A, Orouji M, Hatamie A, Simchi A. Challenges and Advances of Hydrogel-Based Wearable Electrochemical Biosensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Biofluids: From Lab to Market. A Review. Anal Chem. 2024;96(20):8160 [Crossref]
72- Awasthi S, Pandey S, Shwetha H, Shwetha N, Selvaraj S. Tough, durable and strongly bonded self-healing cartilage-mimicking noncovalently assembled hydrogel nanostructures: the interplay between experiment and theory. Nanoscale. 2025;17(3):1616 [Crossref]
73- Krakos A, Cieślak A, Hartel E, Łabowska M, Kulbacka J, Detyna J. 3D bio-printed hydrogel inks promoting lung cancer cell growth in a lab-on-chip culturing platform. Microchim Acta. 2023;190(9) [Crossref]
74- Du X, Zhou Y, Schümperlin D, Laganenka L, Lee S, Blugan G, Hardt W, Persson C, Ferguson S. Fabrication and characterization of sodium alginate-silicon nitride-PVA composite biomaterials with damping properties. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2024;155:106579 [Crossref]
75- Shinde S, Tikariha L, Kumar L. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Degelation Behavior and Non-Isothermal Flow Restart of a Waxy Oil Pipeline. ACS Omega. 2023;8(29):25972 [Crossref]
76- Shah N, Khan Z, Hussain M, Rehan T, Khan A. Characterization study of polyAMPS@BMA core-shell particles using two types of RAFT agents. 2021;39(2):200 [Crossref]
77- GHANEM A, ASHOUR S, HUSSIEN R. A REVIEW ON RECENT ADVANCES IN HYDROGELS AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM. Int J App Pharm. 2025;:39 [Crossref]
78- Cheng Y, Zhang H, Wei H, Yu C. Injectable hydrogels as emerging drug-delivery platforms for tumor therapy. Biomater Sci. 2024;12(5):1151 [Crossref]
79- Patterson C, Dietrich B, Wilson C, Mount A, Adams D. Electrofabrication of large volume di- and tripeptide hydrogels via hydroquinone oxidation. Soft Matter. 2022;18(5):1064 [Crossref]
80- Sun M, Qiu J, Jin S, Huang H, Liu W, Sakai E, Lei J. High-strength and amphiphilic epoxidized soybean oil-modified poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels. Polym Bull. 2021;78(12):7183 [Crossref]
81- Woodring R, Gurysh E, Bachelder E, Ainslie K. Drug Delivery Systems for Localized Cancer Combination Therapy. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2023;6(3):934 [Crossref]
82- Arabpour Z, Salehi M, An S, Moghtader A, Anwar K, Baharnoori S, Shah R, Abedi F, Djalilian A. Exploring Hydrogel Nanoparticle Systems for Enhanced Ocular Drug Delivery. Gels. 2024;10(9):589 [Crossref]
83- Alshaikh R, Waeber C, Ryan K. Polymer based sustained drug delivery to the ocular posterior segment: barriers and future opportunities for the treatment of neovascular pathologies. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2022;187:114342 [Crossref]
84- Beck A, Obst F, Gruner D, Voigt A, Mehner P, Gruenzner S, Koerbitz R, Shahadha M, Kutscher A, Paschew G, Marschner U, Richter A. Fundamentals of Hydrogel‐Based Valves and Chemofluidic Transistors for Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Technology: A Tutorial Review. Adv Materials Technologies. 2023;8(3) [Crossref]
85- Chelu M, Calderon Moreno J, Musuc A, Popa M. Natural Regenerative Hydrogels for Wound Healing. Gels. 2024;10(9):547 [Crossref]
86- Kruczkowska W, Kłosiński K, Grabowska K, Gałęziewska J, Gromek P, Kciuk M, Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kołat D, Wach R. Medical Applications and Cellular Mechanisms of Action of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogels. Molecules. 2024;29(18):4360 [Crossref]
87- Deptuła M, Zawrzykraj M, Sawicka J, Banach-Kopeć A, Tylingo R, Pikuła M. Application of 3D- printed hydrogels in wound healing and regenerative medicine. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2023;167:115416 [Crossref]
88- Villarreal-Otalvaro C, Coburn J. Fabrication Methods and Form Factors of Gellan Gum-Based Materials for Drug Delivery and Anti-Cancer Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2023;9(7):3832 [Crossref]
89- Xing D, Liu W, Li J, Liu L, Guo A, Wang B, Yu H, Zhao Y, Chen Y, You Z, Lyu C, Li W, Liu A, Du Y, Lin J. Engineering 3D functional tissue constructs using self-assembling cell-laden microniches. Acta Biomaterialia. 2020;114:170 [Crossref]
90- Huang W, Vo T, Sheng Y, Tsao H. Stretchable and conductive physical eutectogel based on type IV deep eutectic solvent through cation-bridging. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2024;396:124011 [Crossref]
91- Díez B, Homer W, Leslie L, Kyriakou G, Rosal R, Topham P, Theodosiou E. Chemically cross‐linked poly(vinyl alcohol) electrospun fibrous mats as wound dressing materials. J of Chemical Tech & Biotech. 2022;97(3):620 [Crossref]
92- Katas H, Mohd Akhmar M, Suleman Ismail Abdalla S. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles loaded in gelatine hydrogel for a natural antibacterial and anti-biofilm wound dressing. Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers. 2021;36(2):111 [Crossref]
93- Peng B, Zhou L, Luo Z, Bian X, Li H, Liu G, Chen J, Ma Z, Zhang P, Wen Y. Construction of hydrogels with specific structures and functions for cartilage defects and traumatic osteoarthritis: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2025;503:158242 [Crossref]
94- Sol Ju P, Zhou Mei H, Lu Jia Z, Jun Fu J, Ling Jun M, Dao Tong L, Xiao Song H, Fang C. A green, ROS-scavenging and anti-bacterial hydrogel loading MnO2-curcumin nanocomposite for the full-thickness wound healing. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2024;100:105951 [Crossref]
95- Memic A, Colombani T, Eggermont L, Rezaeeyazdi M, Steingold J, Rogers Z, Navare K, Mohammed H, Bencherif S. Latest Advances in Cryogel Technology for Biomedical Applications. Advanced Therapeutics. 2019;2(4) [Crossref]
96- Wróblewska M, Szymańska E, Szekalska M, Winnicka K. Different Types of Gel Carriers as Metronidazole Delivery Systems to the Oral Mucosa. Polymers. 2020;12(3):680 [Crossref]
97- Peng Y, Cheng Q, Wu M, Wang W, Zhao J, Diaz-Dussan D, McKay M, Zeng H, Ummartyotin S, Narain R. Highly Stretchable, Self-Healing, Injectable and pH Responsive Hydrogel from Multiple Hydrogen Bonding and Boron-Carbohydrate Interactions. Gels. 2023;9(9):709 [Crossref]
98- Khan S, Maryam L, Gulzar A, Mansoor M, Iqbal M. Review: smart and active hydrogels in biotechnology—synthetic techniques and applications. J Mater Sci. 2024;59(35):16449 [Crossref]
99- Nadtoka O, Virych P, Nadtoka S, Kutsevol N, Curcio M. Synthesis and Performance of Hybrid Hydrogels Loaded with Methylene Blue and Its Use for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation. Journal of Chemistry. 2020;2020:1 [Crossref]
100- Kaushal N, Singh M. Food Grade Hydrogels Fabricated Using Hybrid Matrices as Carriers of Bioflavonoids Derived from ‘Kinnow’ Mandarin Peels. Waste Biomass Valor. 2024;15(1):455 [Crossref]
101- Hoque M, Alam M, Wang S, Zaman J, Rahman M, Johir M, Tian L, Choi J, Ahmed M, Yoon M. Interaction chemistry of functional groups for natural biopolymer-based hydrogel design. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports. 2023;156:100758 [Crossref]
102- Todros S, Todesco M, Bagno A. Biomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications: From Replacement to Regeneration. Processes. 2021;9(11):1949 [Crossref]
103- Rameshthangam P, Kumar P, Muthulakshmi M, Kumar S. Anti-cancer and bactericidal activity of electrospun chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide)/papaya nanofibres. Appl Nanosci. 2023;13(9):6105 [Crossref]
104- Aghamirsalim M, Mobaraki M, Soltani M, Kiani Shahvandi M, Jabbarvand M, Afzali E, Raahemifar K. 3D Printed Hydrogels for Ocular Wound Healing. Biomedicines. 2022;10(7):1562 [Crossref]
105- Hodge J, Zamierowski D, Robinson J, Mellott A. Evaluating polymeric biomaterials to improve next generation wound dressing design. Biomater Res. 2022;26(1) [Crossref]
106- Kim M, Kang D, Han H, Jang J. Light-activated decellularized extracellular matrix-based bioinks for enhanced mechanical integrity. Materials Today Bio. 2025;32:101859 [Crossref]
107- Wu K, Qian S, Faucher A, Tran S. Advancements in Hydrogels for Corneal Healing and Tissue Engineering. Gels. 2024;10(10):662 [Crossref]
108- Mandal M, Singh Lodhi R, Chourasia S, Das S, Das P. A Review on Sustainable Slow‐Release N, P, K Fertilizer Hydrogels for Smart Agriculture. ChemPlusChem. 2025;90(3) [Crossref]
109- Abdelgelil A, Omer A, Hassan A, Moustafa A, Mohy Eldin M. Enhancement of sandy soil water retention using superabsorbent carboxymethyl cellulose grafted with polyacrylamide and polyacrylamidomethyl propanesulfonic acid copolymer. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1) [Crossref]
110- Hosoyama K, Ahumada M, Goel K, Ruel M, Suuronen E, Alarcon E. Electroconductive materials as biomimetic platforms for tissue regeneration. Biotechnology Advances. 2019;37(3):444 [Crossref]
111- Balahura L, Stefan-Van Staden R, Van Staden J, Aboul-Enein H. Advances in immunosensors for clinical applications. Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry. 2019;40(1):40 [Crossref]
112- Rotaru-Zăvăleanu A, Dinescu V, Aldea M, Gresita A. Hydrogel-Based Therapies for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Comprehensive Review. Gels. 2024;10(7):476 [Crossref]
113- Politrón-Zepeda G, Fletes-Vargas G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R. Injectable Hydrogels for Nervous Tissue Repair—A Brief Review. Gels. 2024;10(3):190 [Crossref]
114- Park S, Kook M, Kim S, Lee J, Yu Y, Park C, Lim S, Oh B, Jung Y, Hong I. A microscale 3D organ on a chip for recapitulating reciprocal neuroendocrine crosstalk between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Biofabrication. 2024;16(2):025011 [Crossref]
115- Ostróżka-Cieślik A. The Potential of Pharmaceutical Hydrogels in the Formulation of Topical Administration Hormone Drugs. Polymers. 2022;14(16):3307 [Crossref]
116- LeRoy K, Donahue D. Trackability of a high-strength thromboresistant hydrogel catheter: An In vitro analysis comparing venous catheter forces in a simulated use pathway. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2023;139:105670 [Crossref]
117- Than A, Zan P, Chen P. Transdermal theranostics. VIEW. 2020;1(2) [Crossref]
118- Szekalska M, Czajkowska-Kośnik A, Maciejewski B, Misztalewska-Turkowicz I, Wilczewska A, Bernatoniene J, Winnicka K. Mucoadhesive Alginate/Pectin Films Crosslinked by Calcium Carbonate as Carriers of a Model Antifungal Drug—Posaconazole. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(10):2415 [Crossref]
119- Nasution H, Harahap H, Dalimunthe N, Ginting M, Jaafar M, Tan O, Aruan H, Herfananda A. Hydrogel and Effects of Crosslinking Agent on Cellulose-Based Hydrogels: A Review. Gels. 2022;8(9):568 [Crossref]
120- Živanić M, Espona‐Noguera A, Lin A, Canal C. Current State of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Cancer‐Immunity Cycle: Therapeutic Relevance and Overcoming Clinical Limitations Using Hydrogels. Advanced Science. 2023;10(8) [Crossref]
121- Namjoo A, Abrbekoh F, Saghati S, Amini H, Saadatlou M, Rahbarghazi R. Tissue engineering modalities in skeletal muscles: focus on angiogenesis and immunomodulation properties. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023;14(1) [Crossref]
122- Chyzy A, Pawelski D, Vivcharenko V, Przekora A, Bratychak M, Astakhova O, Breczko J, Drozdzal P, Plonska-Brzezinska M. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Modified Glycidyl Methacrylate–Ethyl Methacrylate Oligomers, Their Physico-Chemical and Biological Characteristics. Molecules. 2022;27(2):337 [Crossref]
123- Akhileshwar Jha L, Imran M, Shrestha J, Prasad Devkota H, Bhattacharya K, Alsayari A, Wahab S, Kumar Jha S, Raj Paudel K, Kesharwani P. Effectiveness of phytoconstituents and potential of phyto-nanomedicines combination to treat osteoarthritis. European Polymer Journal. 2024;215:113243 [Crossref]
124- Parhi R, Jena G. An updated review on application of 3D printing in fabricating pharmaceutical dosage forms. Drug Deliv and Transl Res. 2022;12(10):2428 [Crossref]
125- Liu H, Yan X, Jiu J, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang G, Li D, Yan L, Du Y, Zhao B, Wang B. Self-assembly of gelatin microcarrier-based MSC microtissues for spinal cord injury repair. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2023;451:138806 [Crossref]
126- BAYIR E. Comparative Evaluation of Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogel, Cryogel, and Aerogel Beads as a Tissue Scaffold. 2023;27(2):335 [Crossref]
127- Shin G, Kim H, Kim J, Choi S, Kim M. Advances in Injectable In Situ-Forming Hydrogels for Intratumoral Treatment. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(11):1953 [Crossref]
128- Wong R, Sloutski A, Gopal M, Dashti N, Li J, Rai-Gersappe D, Pandey I, Guo J, Tsai E, Freychet G, Peselev Z, Cohn D, Sadasivan C, Rafailovich M. Engineering a biopolymer for vascular embolization based on fundamental polymer principals. Polymer. 2024;309:127437 [Crossref]
129- Demir Ş, Deljavan Ghodratı A, Çomoğlu T, Çömlekçi K. KORNEA AMELİYATLARI SONRASINDA KULLANILABİLECEK GÖZ KURULUĞUNU ÖNLEYİCİ İN-SİTU HİDROJEL FORMÜLASYONLARININ TASARIMI VE İN VİTRO KARAKTERİZASYONU. Ankara Ecz Fak Derg. 2025;49(2):12 [Crossref]
130- Thapa Magar K, Boucetta H, Zhao Z, Xu Y, Liu Z, He W. Injectable long-acting formulations (ILAFs) and manufacturing techniques. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 2024;21(6):881 [Crossref]
131- Xu X, Xu Q, Ma J, Deng Y, An W, Yan K, Zong Y, Zhang F. Progress in Protein-Based Hydrogels for Flexible Sensors: Insights from Casein. ACS Sens. 2024;9(11):5642 [Crossref]
132- Indurkar A, Pandit A, Jain R, Dandekar P. Plant based cross-linkers for tissue engineering applications. J Biomater Appl. 2021;36(1):76 [Crossref]
133- Contreras F, Sepúlveda D, Amaral A, Nuñez J, Trovatti E, Suárez-Villota E, Gorai S. Rheological and Biological Properties of Adhesive Skin Secretions from Eupsophus vertebralis (Anura: Alsodidae). Scientifica. 2024;2024:1 [Crossref]
134- El-Saadony M, Saad A, Alkafaas S, Dladla M, Ghosh S, Elkafas S, Hafez W, Ezzat S, Khedr S, Hussien A, Fahmy M, Elesawi I, Salem H, Mohammed D, Abd El-Mageed T, Ahmed A, Mosa W, El-Tarabily M, AbuQamar S, El- Tarabily K. Chitosan, derivatives, and its nanoparticles: Preparation, physicochemical properties, biological activities, and biomedical applications – A comprehensive review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2025;:142832 [Crossref]
135- Dethe M, A P, Ahmed H, Agrawal M, Roy U, Alexander A. PCL-PEG copolymer based injectable thermosensitive hydrogels. Journal of Controlled Release. 2022;343:217 [Crossref]
136- Akmal M, Kalashgrani M, Mousavi S, Rahmanian V, Sharma N, Gholami A, Althomali R, Rahman M, Chiang W. Recent advances in synergistic use of GQD-based hydrogels for bioimaging and drug delivery in cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B. 2024;12(21):5039 [Crossref]
137- Derakhshankhah H, Haghshenas B, Eskandani M, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Abbasi-Maleki S, Jaymand M. Folate-conjugated thermal- and pH-responsive magnetic hydrogel as a drug delivery nano-system for “smart” chemo/hyperthermia therapy of solid tumors. Materials Today Communications. 2022;30:103148 [Crossref]
138- Yadav N, Kumar K, Singh V, Rai S, Blahatia K, Das A, Jana T. Newly designed acrylamide derivative-based pH-responsive hydrogel-urease bioconjugates: synthesis and catalytic urea hydrolysis. Soft Matter. 2022;18(45):8647 [Crossref]
139- Pandey P, Minocha N, Vashist N, Shah R, Saini S, Makhija M, Purohit D, Kaushik D. Emulgel: An Emerging Approach towards Effective Topical Drug Delivery. DDL. 2022;12(4):227 [Crossref]
140- Sacramento M, Borges J, Correia F, Calado R, Rodrigues J, Patrício S, Mano J. Green approaches for extraction, chemical modification and processing of marine polysaccharides for biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10 [Crossref]
141- Kopač T, Krajnc M, Ručigaj A. A rheological study of cationic micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose: quaternization reaction optimization and fibril characteristic effects. Cellulose. 2022;29(3):1435 [Crossref]
142- Kmail M, Razak R, Mohd Isa I. Engineering extracellular matrix-based hydrogels for intervertebral disc regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025;13 [Crossref]
143- Wilson N, Botte G. Novel biopolymer pectin-based hydrogel electrolytes for sustainable energy storage. Mater Adv. 2024;5(18):7312 [Crossref]
144- Panwar V, Sharma A, Murugesan P, Salaria N, Ghosh D. Free-flowing, self-crosslinking, carboxymethyl starch and carboxymethyl cellulose microgels, as smart hydrogel dressings for wound repair. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2023;246:125735 [Crossref]
145- Nada A, Ali E, Soliman A. Biocompatible chitosan-based hydrogel with tunable mechanical and physical properties formed at body temperature. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2019;131:624 [Crossref]
146- Krieghoff J, Rost J, Kohn-Polster C, Müller B, Koenig A, Flath T, Schulz-Siegmund M, Schulze F, Hacker M. Extrusion-Printing of Multi-Channeled Two-Component Hydrogel Constructs from Gelatinous Peptides and Anhydride-Containing Oligomers. Biomedicines. 2021;9(4):370 [Crossref]
147- Karmakar P, Velu K, Vineeth Kumar C, Pal A. Advances in injectable hydrogel: Design, functional regulation, and biomedical applications. Polymers for Advanced Techs. 2024;35(1) [Crossref]
148- Francisco P, Neves Amaral M, Neves A, Ferreira-Gonçalves T, Viana A, Catarino J, Faísca P, Simões S, Perdigão J, Charmier A, Gaspar M, Reis C. Pluronic® F127 Hydrogel Containing Silver Nanoparticles in Skin Burn Regeneration: An Experimental Approach from Fundamental to Translational Research. Gels. 2023;9(3):200 [Crossref]
149- Alketbi A, Shi Y, Li H, Raza A, Zhang T. Impact of PEGDA photopolymerization in micro-stereolithography on 3D printed hydrogel structure and swelling. Soft Matter. 2021;17(30):7188 [Crossref]
150- Yoo Y, Yoon S, Kim S, Lee D, Um S, Hyun H, Hong S, Yang D. A local drug delivery system based on visible light-cured glycol chitosan and doxorubicin⋅hydrochloride for thyroid cancer treatment in vitro and in vivo. Drug Delivery. 2018;25(1):1664 [Crossref]
151- Villalva D, França C, Loh W. Characterization of cubosomes immobilized in hydrogels of hyaluronic acid and their use for diclofenac controlled delivery. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2022;212:112352 [Crossref]
152- Phogat K, Ghosh S, Bandyopadhyay‐Ghosh S. Recent advances on injectable nanocomposite hydrogels towards bone tissue rehabilitation. J of Applied Polymer Sci. 2023;140(4) [Crossref]
153- Potjewyd G, Kellett K, Hooper N. 3D hydrogel models of the neurovascular unit to investigate blood–brain barrier dysfunction. 2021;5(4) [Crossref]
154- Montaseri Z, Abolmaali S, Tamaddon A, Farvadi F. Composite silk fibroin hydrogel scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2023;79:104018 [Crossref]
155- Blache U, Ford E, Ha B, Rijns L, Chaudhuri O, Dankers P, Kloxin A, Snedeker J, Gentleman E. Engineered hydrogels for mechanobiology. Nat Rev Methods Primers. 2022;2(1) [Crossref]
156- Li Z, Hu X, Tang L, Sun J, Hao Z, Liu X, Li X, Sun W, Wang R. Research Progress of Flexible Wearable Sensors Based on Protein Hydrogels. j biomed nanotechnol. 2023;19(5):667 [Crossref]
157- Qureshi M, Qureshi B, Aziz R, Azim Y, Ahmad M. Polymeric hydrogels for bioprinting: A comprehensive review. Annals of 3D Printed Medicine. 2025;18:100198 [Crossref]
158- Sinha S. Biopolymer derived superabsorbent for environmental sustainability: A review. Environmental Quality Mgmt. 2022;32(2):177 [Crossref]
159- Li B, Li C, Yan Z, Yang X, Xiao W, Zhang D, Liu Z, Liao X. A review of self-healing hydrogels for bone repair and regeneration: Materials, mechanisms, and applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2025;287:138323 [Crossref]
160- Kosior-Jarecka E, Grzybowski A. Retinal Ganglion Cell Replacement in Glaucoma Therapy: A Narrative Review. JCM. 2024;13(23):7204 [Crossref]
161- Seo Y, Nguyen T, Oh S, Jeong J, Kim H. Formulation of secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells for inflammatory skin diseases. J Pharm Investig. 2023;53(2):235 [Crossref]
162- Enoch K, Somasundaram A. Rheological insights on Carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogels. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2023;253:127481 [Crossref]
163- Sahoo P, Kumar R, Kumar M, Kumar Puri S, Ramakumar S. Rational design of a porous gel encapsulated bio-hybrid solvent for accelerated CO2 capture and low energy stripping. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 2019;90:102785 [Crossref]
164- Swain S, Jena B, Parhi R. Recent Developments and Applications of 3D-Printing Technology in Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery Systems: A New Research Direction and Future Trends. CPD. 2025;31(1):2 [Crossref]
165- Cho K, Sunwoo S, Hong Y, Koo J, Kim J, Baik S, Hyeon T, Kim D. Soft Bioelectronics Based on Nanomaterials. Chem Rev. 2022;122(5):5068 [Crossref]
166- Kim J, Choi Y, Kim D, Yoon H, Kim K. Injectable Hydrogel-Based Combination Cancer Immunotherapy for Overcoming Localized Therapeutic Efficacy. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(9):1908 [Crossref]
167- Ho B, Phan C, Garg P, Shokrollahi P, Jones L. A Rapid Screening Platform for Simultaneous Evaluation of Biodegradation and Therapeutic Release of an Ocular Hydrogel. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(11):2625 [Crossref]
168- Yousefiasl S, Ghovvati M, Mirshafiei M, Hakimi F, Azadi A, Moezzi S, Yuan M, Sefat F, Zare I, Maleki A, Lin J. Nanostructure-reinforced multifunctional hydrogels for synergistic cancer therapy. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 2025;522:216207 [Crossref]
169- Bashir S, Zafar N, Lebaz N, Mahmood A, Elaissari A. Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose-Based Hydrogel Copolymeric for Controlled Delivery of Galantamine Hydrobromide in Dementia. Processes. 2020;8(11):1350 [Crossref]
170- Modak P, Hammond W, Jaffe M, Nadig M, Russo R. Dynamic, 3D Schiff base networks for medical applications. J of Applied Polymer Sci. 2020;137(43) [Crossref]
171- Sarwar T, Raza Z, Nazeer M, Khan A. Fabrication of gelatin-incorporated nanoporous chitosan-based membranes for potential water desalination applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2023;253:126588 [Crossref]
172- Wu J, Li H, Zhang N, Zheng Q. Micelle-Containing Hydrogels and Their Applications in Biomedical Research. Gels. 2024;10(7):471 [Crossref]
173- Priya S, Jain K, Daryani J, Desai V, Kathuria H, Singhvi G. Revolutionizing rheumatoid arthritis treatment with emerging cutaneous drug delivery systems: overcoming the challenges and paving the way forward. Nanoscale. 2025;17(1):65 [Crossref]
174- Witzel I, Nasser R, Garcia‐Sabaté A, Sapudom J, Ma C, Chen W, Teo J. Deconstructing Immune Microenvironments of Lymphoid Tissues for Reverse Engineering. Adv Healthcare Materials. 2019;8(4) [Crossref]
175- Behera S, Mahanwar P. Superabsorbent polymers in agriculture and other applications: a review. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials. 2020;59(4):341 [Crossref]
176- Ezzroug K, Chabane L, Boudoukhani M, HadjSadok A, Nadji M. Optimisation of stability and stiffness of xanthan/polyacrylic acid/calcium-based hydrogels. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2022;279:124 [Crossref]
177- Dhara (Ganguly) M. Polymer hydrogels: Classification and recent advances. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A. 2024;61(5):265 [Crossref]
178- Sharma R, Malviya R, Singh S, Prajapati B. A Critical Review on Classified Excipient Sodium-Alginate-Based Hydrogels: Modification, Characterization, and Application in Soft Tissue Engineering. Gels. 2023;9(5):430 [Crossref]
179- Yu C, Rwei S, Shu Y. One-pot synthesis of liquid photocrosslinkable poly(l-lactide) with terminal triacrylate. RSC Adv. 2023;13(4):2331 [Crossref]
180- Park S, Kook M, Kim S, Lee C, Lee J, Park J, Park C, Oh B, Jung Y, Hong I. Development of a novel testis-on-a-chip that demonstrates reciprocal crosstalk between Sertoli and Leydig cells in testicular tissue. Exp Mol Med. 2024;56(7):1591 [Crossref]
181- Cook M, Haddow P, Kirton S, McAuley W. Polymers Exhibiting Lower Critical Solution Temperatures as a Route to Thermoreversible Gelators for Healthcare. Adv Funct Materials. 2021;31(8) [Crossref]
182- Fu L, Yu A, Lai G. Conductive Hydrogel-Based Electrochemical Sensor: A Soft Platform for Capturing Analyte. Chemosensors. 2021;9(10):282 [Crossref]
183- Aslam M, Barkat K, Malik N, Alqahtani M, Anjum I, Khalid I, Tulain U, Gohar N, Zafar H, Paiva-Santos A, Raza F. pH Sensitive Pluronic Acid/Agarose-Hydrogels as Controlled Drug Delivery Carriers: Design, Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(6):1218 [Crossref]
184- Mohamadinia P, Anarjan N, Jafarizadeh-Malmiri H. Preparation and characterization of sodium alginate/acrylic acid composite hydrogels conjugated to silver nanoparticles as an antibiotic delivery system. 2021;10(1):860 [Crossref]
185- Zafar S, Hanif M, Azeem M, Mahmood K, Gondal S. Role of crosslinkers for synthesizing biocompatible, biodegradable and mechanically strong hydrogels with desired release profile. Polym Bull. 2022;79(11):9199 [Crossref]
186- Ali Z, Alkotaji M. SMART HYDROGEL POLYMERS FOR DRUG DELIVERY. MMSL. 2022;91(2):105 [Crossref]
187- Tavakoli J, Raston C, Tang Y. Tuning Surface Morphology of Fluorescent Hydrogels Using a Vortex Fluidic Device. Molecules. 2020;25(15):3445 [Crossref]
188- Manhas P, Sharma R, Wangoo N, Saini R, Saini S, Agrewala J, Sharma R. Dox-loaded TPU-PLGA nanoparticles embedded chitosan hydrogel formulation as an effective anti-cancer therapy. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2023;383:122170 [Crossref]
189- Calderón Moreno J, Chelu M, Popa M. Eco-Friendly Conductive Hydrogels: Towards Green Wearable Electronics. Gels. 2025;11(4):220 [Crossref]
190- Nita L, Chiriac A, Ghilan A, Rusu A, Tudorachi N, Timpu D. Alginate enriched with phytic acid for hydrogels preparation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2021;181:561 [Crossref]
191- Bardajee G, Jafari R. Synthesis of interpenetrating networks nanogels based on sodium alginate and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate and application as drug release of the anticancer doxorubicin (DOX). J Polym Res. 2023;30(10) [Crossref]
192- Silva K, Costa B, Nunes Dourado L, Silva R, Silva‐Cunha A, Santos A, Resende R, Faria P, Campos Rubio J, Goulart G, Silva‐Caldeira P. Four modified sodium alginate/carboxymethylcellulose blends for prednisone delivery. J of Applied Polymer Sci. 2021;138(19) [Crossref]
193- Soraya A, Kawareng A, Agustina R. Formulation of Nutraceutical Jelly Candy from a Combination of Cucurbita moschata Puree and Averrhoa carambola Juice as Antioxidant. Borneo J Pharm. 2024;7(3):297 [Crossref]
194- Bonnet M, Alluin O, Trimaille T, Gigmes D, Marqueste T, Decherchi P. Delayed Injection of a Physically Cross-Linked PNIPAAm-g-PEG Hydrogel in Rat Contused Spinal Cord Improves Functional Recovery. ACS Omega. 2020;5(18):10247 [Crossref]
195- Asim S, Tabish T, Liaqat U, Ozbolat I, Rizwan M. Advances in Gelatin Bioinks to Optimize Bioprinted Cell Functions. Adv Healthcare Materials. 2023;12(17) [Crossref]
196- ARUNA S, THIYAGARAJAN R, PANNEERSELVAM A. Ultrasonic Investigation on Hydroxy Ethyl Propyl Cellulose (HEPC) Solution at Different Concentration and pH. Asian J Chem. 2020;32(9):2255 [Crossref]
197- Date P, Tanwar A, Ladage P, Kodam K, Ottoor D. Biodegradable and biocompatible agarose–poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel for the in vitro investigation of ibuprofen release. Chem Pap. 2020;74(6):1965 [Crossref]
198- Chen N, He X, Lu Q. Highly Stretchable, Repairable, and Tough Nanocomposite Hydrogel Physically Cross‐linked by Hydrophobic Interactions and Reinforced by Surface‐Grafted Hydrophobized Cellulose Nanocrystals. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2023;44(10) [Crossref]
199- Chhetri A, Rispoli J, Lelièvre S. 3D Cell Culture for the Study of Microenvironment-Mediated Mechanostimuli to the Cell Nucleus: An Important Step for Cancer Research. Front Mol Biosci. 2021;8 [Crossref]
200- Chyzy A, Tomczykowa M, Plonska-Brzezinska M. Hydrogels as Potential Nano-, Micro- and Macro-Scale Systems for Controlled Drug Delivery. Materials. 2020;13(1):188 [Crossref]
201- Tharakan S, Raja I, Pietraru A, Sarecha E, Gresita A, Petcu E, Ilyas A, Hadjiargyrou M. The Use of Hydrogels for the Treatment of Bone Osteosarcoma via Localized Drug-Delivery and Tissue Regeneration: A Narrative Review. Gels. 2023;9(4):274 [Crossref]
202- Pragya A, Mutalik S, Younas M, Pang S, So P, Wang F, Zheng Z, Noor N. Dynamic cross-linking of an alginate–acrylamide tough hydrogel system: time-resolvedin situmapping of gel self-assembly. RSC Adv. 2021;11(18):10710 [Crossref]
203- Ye R, Liu S, Zhu W, Li Y, Huang L, Zhang G, Zhang Y. Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Biomedical Application of Chitosan-Based Hydrogels. Polymers. 2023;15(11):2482 [Crossref]
204- Hoshi R, Gorospe K, Labouta H, Azad T, Lee W, Thu K. Alternative Strategies for Delivering Immunotherapeutics Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint in Cancer. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(9):1181 [Crossref]
205- Moreno-Rivas S, Ibarra-Gutiérrez M, Fernández-Quiroz D, Lucero-Acuña A, Burgara-Estrella A, Zavala-Rivera P. pH-Responsive Alginate/Chitosan Gel Films: An Alternative for Removing Cadmium and Lead from Water. Gels. 2024;10(10):669 [Crossref]
206- Liu I, Li C, Liao Y. Sustainable multi-purpose bacterial cellulose composite for food packaging via facile successive infiltration. Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications. 2025;9:100703 [Crossref]
207- Biswas S, Dey P, Ghosh G. Polymeric microgels: Synthesis, and emerging biomedical applications. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A. 2025;62(4):295 [Crossref]
208- Kurra P, Narra K, Puttugunta S, Kilaru N, Mandava B. Development and optimization of sustained release mucoadhesive composite beads for colon targeting. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2019;139:320 [Crossref]
209- Brambilla E, Locarno S, Gallo S, Orsini F, Pini C, Farronato M, Thomaz D, Lenardi C, Piazzoni M, Tartaglia G. Poloxamer-Based Hydrogel as Drug Delivery System: How Polymeric Excipients Influence the Chemical-Physical Properties. Polymers. 2022;14(17):3624 [Crossref]
210- Suleman Ismail Abdalla S, Katas H, Chan J, Ganasan P, Azmi F, Fauzi M. Gelatin Hydrogels Loaded with Lactoferrin-Functionalized Bio-Nanosilver as a Potential Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Dressing for Infected Wounds: Synthesis, Characterization, and Deciphering of Cytotoxicity. Mol Pharmaceutics. 2021;18(5):1956 [Crossref]
211- Mohapatra S, Mirza M, Hilles A, Zakir F, Gomes A, Ansari M, Iqbal Z, Mahmood S. Biomedical Application, Patent Repository, Clinical Trial and Regulatory Updates on Hydrogel: An Extensive Review. Gels. 2021;7(4):207 [Crossref]
212- Dechsri K, Suwanchawalit C, Patrojanasophon P, Opanasopit P, Pengnam S, Charoenying T, Taesotikul T. Photodynamic Antibacterial Therapy of Gallic Acid-Derived Carbon-Based Nanoparticles (GACNPs): Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrogel Formulation. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(2):254 [Crossref]
213- Rudge R, Scholten E, Dijksman J. Advances and challenges in soft tribology with applications to foods. Current Opinion in Food Science. 2019;27:90 [Crossref]
214- Teixeira M, Antunes J, Felgueiras H. Recent Advances in Fiber–Hydrogel Composites for Wound Healing and Drug Delivery Systems. Antibiotics. 2021;10(3):248 [Crossref]
215- Liga S, Paul C. Flavonoid-Based Nanogels: A Comprehensive Overview. Gels. 2025;11(4):267 [Crossref]
216- Sonawane R, Patil S. Fabrication and statistical optimization of starch-κ-carrageenan cross-linked hydrogel composite for extended release pellets of zaltoprofen. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2018;120:2324 [Crossref]
217- Süren S, Tutar R, Özeroğlu C, Karakuş S. Versatile Multi-Network Hydrogel of Acrylamide, Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate, and N,N′-Methylene Bisacrylamide: A Sustainable Solution for Paracetamol Removal and Swelling Behavior. J Polym Environ. 2024;32(1):164 [Crossref]
218- Aswathy S, Narendrakumar U, Manjubala I. Commercial hydrogels for biomedical applications. Heliyon. 2020;6(4):e03719 [Crossref]
219- Kasai R, Radhika D, Archana S, Shanavaz H, Koutavarapu R, Lee D, Shim J. A review on hydrogels classification and recent developments in biomedical applications. International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials. 2023;72(13):1059 [Crossref]
220- Chen H, Islam W, El Halabi J, Li L, Selaru F. Innovative Gastrointestinal Drug Delivery Systems: Nanoparticles, Hydrogels, and Microgrippers. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2025;30(2) [Crossref]
221- Ghane N, Beigi M, Labbaf S, Nasr-Esfahani M, Kiani A. Design of hydrogel-based scaffolds for the treatment of spinal cord injuries. J Mater Chem B. 2020;8(47):10712 [Crossref]
222- Naim G, Bruchiel-Spanier N, Betsis S, Eliaz N, Mandler D. Vat Polymerization by Three-Dimensional Printing and Curing of Antibacterial Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate for Biomedical Applications. Polymers. 2023;15(17):3586 [Crossref]
223- Kowalski P, Bhattacharya C, Afewerki S, Langer R. Smart Biomaterials: Recent Advances and Future Directions. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2018;4(11):3809 [Crossref]
224- Palanivelu S, Armir N, Zulkifli A, Hair A, Salleh K, Lindsey K, Che-Othman M, Zakaria S. Hydrogel Application in Urban Farming: Potentials and Limitations—A Review. Polymers. 2022;14(13):2590 [Crossref]
225- Park H, Gasek N, Hwang J, Weiss D, Lee P. Effect of temperature on gelation and cross-linking of gelatin methacryloyl for biomedical applications. 2020;32(3) [Crossref]
226- Al-barudi A, Sinani G, Ulker Z. Biodegradable polysaccharide aerogels based on tragacanth and alginate as novel drug delivery systems. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 2024;109(3):748 [Crossref]
227- Li H, Dai C, Hu Y. Hydrogels for Chemical Sensing and Biosensing. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2024;45(2) [Crossref]
228- Sawadkar P, Lali F, Garcia-Gareta E, Garrido B, Chaudhry A, Matharu P, Kyriakidis C, Greco K. Innovative hydrogels in cutaneous wound healing: current status and future perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025;13 [Crossref]
229- Shanmugha Mary A, Mani A, Ghosh S, Rajaram K. Phage embedded gelatin, alginate and gelatin/alginate-starch based hydrogels for topical bactericidal applications against multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society. 2024;101(10):101272 [Crossref]
230- Hu J, Tomov M, Buikema J, Chen C, Mahmoudi M, Wu S, Serpooshan V. Cardiovascular tissue bioprinting: Physical and chemical processes. 2018;5(4) [Crossref]
231- Xu R, Hua M, Wu S, Ma S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu B, Cai M, He X, Zhou F. Continuously growing multi-layered hydrogel structures with seamless interlocked interface. Matter. 2022;5(2):634 [Crossref]
232- Lopez C, Horkay F, Mussel M, Jones R, Richtering W. Screening lengths and osmotic compressibility of flexible polyelectrolytes in excess salt solutions. Soft Matter. 2020;16(31):7289 [Crossref]
233- Farooq A, Farooq A, Jabeen S, Islam A, Gull N, Khan R, Shifa ul Haq H, Mehmood A, Hussain N, Bilal M. Designing Kappa-carrageenan/guar gum/polyvinyl alcohol-based pH-responsive silane-crosslinked hydrogels for controlled release of cephradine. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2022;67:102969 [Crossref]
234- Jin T, Liu T, Jiang S, Kurdyla D, Klein B, Michaelis V, Lam E, Li J, Moores A. Chitosan nanocrystals synthesis via aging and application towards alginate hydrogels for sustainable drug release. Green Chem. 2021;23(17):6527 [Crossref]
235- Jose R, Gigimol M, Mathew B. Adsorptive Removal of Anionic Azo Dye Acid Black 194 from Aqueous Solution using NNMBA-Crosslinked Poly N-Vinyl Pyrrolidone Hydrogel. Asian J Chem. 2020;32(2):311 [Crossref]
236- Solomevich S, Oranges C, Kalbermatten D, Schwendeman A, Madduri S. Natural polysaccharides and their derivatives as potential medical materials and drug delivery systems for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2023;315:120934 [Crossref]
237- Mohammadi M, Karimi M, Malaekeh-Nikouei B, Torkashvand M, Alibolandi M. Hybrid in situ- forming injectable hydrogels for local cancer therapy. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2022;616:121534 [Crossref]
238- Ohmes J, Saure L, Schütt F, Trenkel M, Seekamp A, Scherließ R, Adelung R, Fuchs S. Injectable Thermosensitive Chitosan-Collagen Hydrogel as A Delivery System for Marine Polysaccharide Fucoidan. Marine Drugs. 2022;20(6):402 [Crossref]
239- Dromel P, Singh D, Andres E, Likes M, Kurisawa M, Alexander-Katz A, Spector M, Young M. A bioinspired gelatin-hyaluronic acid-based hybrid interpenetrating network for the enhancement of retinal ganglion cells replacement therapy. npj Regen Med. 2021;6(1) [Crossref]
240- Aunina K, Ramata-Stunda A, Kovrlija I, Tracuma E, Merijs-Meri R, Nikolajeva V, Loca D. Exploring the Interplay of Antimicrobial Properties and Cellular Response in Physically Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid/ε-Polylysine Hydrogels. Polymers. 2023;15(8):1915 [Crossref]
241- Taha E, Ismail A, Nasr G, El-Deeb A. Investigation of some physical properties of Rochelle salt/polymer composite for flexible electronic applications. Polym Bull. 2023;80(7):8197 [Crossref]
242- Stojkov G, Niyazov Z, Picchioni F, Bose R. Relationship between Structure and Rheology of Hydrogels for Various Applications. Gels. 2021;7(4):255 [Crossref]
243- Zuo J, Liao J, Zhu L, Chen S, Wen W, Li Y, Sun D, Xu L. Development of a zoledronate-modified functional alginate hydrogel with effects of promoting osteogenesis for potential osteoporosis treatment. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2024;280:135723 [Crossref]
244- Esen C, Kumru B. Photocatalyst-Incorporated Cross-Linked Porous Polymer Networks. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2022;61(30):10616 [Crossref]
245- Karoyo A, Wilson L. A Review on the Design and Hydration Properties of Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels. Materials. 2021;14(5):1095 [Crossref]
246- Farasati Far B, Naimi-Jamal M, Safaei M, Zarei K, Moradi M, Yazdani Nezhad H. A Review on Biomedical Application of Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels with a Focus on Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers. 2022;14(24):5432 [Crossref]
247- Abdeltawab H, Svirskis D, Sharma M. Formulation strategies to modulate drug release from poloxamer based in situ gelling systems. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 2020;17(4):495 [Crossref]
248- Łabowska M, Krakos A, Kubicki W. 3D Printed Hydrogel Sensor for Rapid Colorimetric Detection of Salivary pH. Sensors. 2024;24(12):3740 [Crossref]
249- Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Application Progress of Modified Chitosan and Its Composite Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering. IJMS. 2022;23(12):6574 [Crossref]
250- Mohan N, Bosco K, Peter A, Abhitha K, Bhat S. Bacteriophage entrapment strategies for the treatment of chronic wound infections: a comprehensive review. Arch Microbiol. 2024;206(11) [Crossref]
251- Mankotia P, Choudhary S, Sharma K, Kumar V, Kaur Bhatia J, Parmar A, Sharma S, Sharma V. Neem gum based pH responsive hydrogel matrix: A new pharmaceutical excipient for the sustained release of anticancer drug. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2020;142:742 [Crossref]
252- Nezamdoost-Sani N, Khaledabad M, Amiri S, Phimolsiripol Y, Mousavi Khaneghah A. A comprehensive review on the utilization of biopolymer hydrogels to encapsulate and protect probiotics in foods. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2024;254:127907 [Crossref]
253- Petros S, Tesfaye T, Ayele M, Xiao H. A Review on Gelatin Based Hydrogels for Medical Textile Applications. Journal of Engineering. 2020;2020:1 [Crossref]
254- Malik H, Amir F, Jahan Z, Liaqat U, Andleeb S, Bandyopadhyay S, Khan Niazi M. Study of shape of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the in-vitro and in-vivo performance of polymeric hydrogels for wound dressing. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2025;674:125482 [Crossref]
255- Yamazaki M, Iijima K. Analysis of the aggregation mechanism of chondroitin sulfate/chitosan particles and fabrication of hydrogel cell scaffolds. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2022;210:233 [Crossref]
256- Cardoso-daodu I, Agbarakwe E, Ilomuanya M, Azubuike C, Silva B. Development of Zinc-loaded Hydrogel Infused with Aloe barbadensis Mucilage for Wound Healing. 2024;7(1):1 [Crossref]
257- Mashabela L, Maboa M, Miya N, Ajayi T, Chasara R, Milne M, Mokhele S, Demana P, Witika B, Siwe-Noundou X, Poka M. A Comprehensive Review of Cross-Linked Gels as Vehicles for Drug Delivery to Treat Central Nervous System Disorders. Gels. 2022;8(9):563 [Crossref]
258- Zegre M, Poljańska E, Caetano L, Gonçalves L, Bettencourt A. Research progress on biodegradable polymeric platforms for targeting antibiotics to the bone. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2023;648:123584 [Crossref]
259- Dinescu V, Martin L, Bica M, Vasile R, Gresita A, Bunescu M, Ruscu M, Aldea M, Rotaru-Zavaleanu A. Hydrogel-Based Innovations in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Bridging Pathophysiological Complexities and Translational Therapeutic Gaps. Gels. 2025;11(1):52 [Crossref]
260- Ran S, Xue L, Wei X, Huang J, Yan X, He T, Tang Z, Zhang H, Gu M. Recent advances in injectable hydrogel therapies for periodontitis. J Mater Chem B. 2024;12(25):6005 [Crossref]
261- Vales T, Jee J, Lee W, Cho S, Lee G, Kim H, Kim J. Development of Poly(2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine)-Functionalized Hydrogels for Reducing Protein and Bacterial Adsorption. Materials. 2020;13(4):943 [Crossref]
262- Dong X, Sheng K, Chen Z, Guo C, Huang J, Gu Y. Electron Beam Etching of Cellulose Microgels for Absorptive Separation of DMSO from Reactions of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Synthesis. ChemSusChem. 2023;16(3) [Crossref]
263- Rumon M, Akib A, Sultana F, Moniruzzaman M, Niloy M, Shakil M, Roy C. Self-Healing Hydrogels: Development, Biomedical Applications, and Challenges. Polymers. 2022;14(21):4539 [Crossref]
264- Mohd Kamal N, Mohd Fuzi S, Mohd Ghazali M, Daniel J. Development of Photosensitive Hydrogel-based 3-dimensional Bioprinting Using Locally Extracted Pectin From Durian Rind Waste and Cellulose for Pharmaceutical Application. MJMHS. 2023;19(s9):152 [Crossref]
265- Mohite P, Rahayu P, Munde S, Ade N, Chidrawar V, Singh S, Jayeoye T, Prajapati B, Bhattacharya S, Patel R. Chitosan-Based Hydrogel in the Management of Dermal Infections: A Review. Gels. 2023;9(7):594 [Crossref]
266- Kasza K, Gurnani P, Hardie K, Cámara M, Alexander C. Challenges and solutions in polymer drug delivery for bacterial biofilm treatment: A tissue-by-tissue account. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2021;178:113973 [Crossref]
267- Tofanica B, Mikhailidi A, Samuil C, Ungureanu O, Fortună M, Ungureanu E. Advances in Cellulose-Based Hydrogels: Current Trends and Challenges. Gels. 2024;10(12):842 [Crossref]
268- Theus A, Ning L, Hwang B, Gil C, Chen S, Wombwell A, Mehta R, Serpooshan V. Bioprintability: Physiomechanical and Biological Requirements of Materials for 3D Bioprinting Processes. Polymers. 2020;12(10):2262 [Crossref]
269- Kiprotich H, W. Nthiga E, O. Onyancha D. Fabrication and Characterisation of Cross-linked Cellulose hydrogel from Residual papers. AJRC. 2024;:209 [Crossref]
270- Kudaibergen G, Zhunussova M, Mun E, Arinova A, Ogay V. Studying the Effect of Chondroitin Sulfate on the Physicochemical Properties of Novel Gelatin/Chitosan Biopolymer-Based Cryogels. Applied Sciences. 2021;11(21):10056 [Crossref]
271- Liu Z, Wang D, Cao Q, Li J. The treatment efficacy of three-layered functional polymer materials as drug carrier for orthotopic colon cancer. Drug Delivery. 2022;29(1):2971 [Crossref]
272- Ganeson K, Tan Xue May C, Abdullah A, Ramakrishna S, Vigneswari S. Advantages and Prospective Implications of Smart Materials in Tissue Engineering: Piezoelectric, Shape Memory, and Hydrogels. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(9):2356 [Crossref]
273- De Leon-Oliva D, Boaru D, Perez-Exposito R, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Diaz R, Bujan J, García-Honduvilla N, Lopez-Gonzalez L, Álvarez-Mon M, Saz J, de la Torre B, Ortega M. Advanced Hydrogel-Based Strategies for Enhanced Bone and Cartilage Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review. Gels. 2023;9(11):885 [Crossref]
274- Zhang C, Wang J, Wu H, Fan W, Li S, Wei D, Song Z, Tao Y. Hydrogel-Based Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Current Innovations, Impediments, and Future Perspectives. Gels. 2024;10(3):158 [Crossref]
275- Lu C, Yeh Y. Fabrication of Multiresponsive Magnetic Nanocomposite Double‐Network Hydrogels for Controlled Release Applications. Small. 2021;17(52) [Crossref]
276- Ahmad Z, Salman S, Khan S, Amin A, Rahman Z, Al-Ghamdi Y, Akhtar K, Bakhsh E, Khan S. Versatility of Hydrogels: From Synthetic Strategies, Classification, and Properties to Biomedical Applications. Gels. 2022;8(3):167 [Crossref]
277- Ayub N, Kassim N, Sabar S, Webb C, Xiang K, Hashim N. An efficient and biodegradable alginate-gelatin hydrogel beads as bait against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2023;224:1460 [Crossref]
278- Magami S, Williams R. Roles of the molecular weight of n‐ethylene glycol diacrylates and UV irradiance on the mechanical properties at the gel point of acrylic acid based hydrogels. J of Applied Polymer Sci. 2019;136(23) [Crossref]
279- Asy-Syifa N, Asy-Syifa K, Waresindo W, Edikresnha D, Suciati T, Khairurrijal K. The Study of the Swelling Degree of the PVA Hydrogel with varying concentrations of PVA. J Phys: Conf Ser. 2022;2243(1):012053 [Crossref]
280- Ma J, Wu J, Lin Z, Wang J, Yao W, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhu L, Hayasaki Y, Zhang H. Femtosecond‐Laser Preparation of Hydrogel with Micro/Nano‐Structures and their Biomedical Applications. Small Science. 2025;5(4) [Crossref]
281- Lin C, Su Y, Chen Y, Kuo C, Tu T, Tsai J, Shyong Y. BMSC loaded photo-crosslinked hyaluronic acid/collagen hydrogel incorporating FG4592 for enhanced cell proliferation and nucleus pulposus differentiation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2024;273:132828 [Crossref]
282- Akther F, Little P, Li Z, Nguyen N, Ta H. Hydrogels as artificial matrices for cell seeding in microfluidic devices. RSC Adv. 2020;10(71):43682 [Crossref]
283- Eftimov P, Yokoi N, Melo A, Daull P, Georgiev G. Interactions of Meibum and Tears with Mucomimetic Polymers: A Hint towards the Interplay between the Layers of the Tear Film. IJMS. 2021;22(5):2747 [Crossref]
284- Kalairaj M, Pradhan R, Saleem W, Smith M, Gaharwar A. Intra‐Articular Injectable Biomaterials for Cartilage Repair and Regeneration. Adv Healthcare Materials. 2024;13(17) [Crossref]
285- Tevlek A, Çetin E. Smart hydrogels in Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) applications. Reactive and Functional Polymers. 2024;204:106023 [Crossref]
286- Dong Q, Wu D, Li M, Dong W. Polysaccharides, as biological macromolecule-based scaffolding biomaterials in cornea tissue engineering: A review. Tissue and Cell. 2022;76:101782 [Crossref]
287- Summonte S, Racaniello G, Lopedota A, Denora N, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated polymeric hydrogels for biomedical application: Cross-linking mechanisms. Journal of Controlled Release. 2021;330:470 [Crossref]
288- Parhi R, Reddy S, Swain S. Transdermal Delivery of Ondansetron HCl from Thermoreversible Gel Containing Nanocomposite. CNM. 2019;4(2):137 [Crossref]
289- Kim Y, Jeong J, Park J. Preparation and Characterization of Ionic Conductive Poly(acrylic Acid)-Based Silicone Hydrogels for Smart Drug Delivery System. Polymers. 2021;13(3):406 [Crossref]
290- Kopač T, Krajnc M, Ručigaj A. A mathematical model for pH-responsive ionically crosslinked TEMPO nanocellulose hydrogel design in drug delivery systems. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2021;168:695 [Crossref]
291- Rumon M, Rahman M, Akib A, Sohag M, Rakib M, Khan M, Yesmin F, Shakil M, Rahman Khan M. Progress in hydrogel toughening: addressing structural and crosslinking challenges for biomedical applications. Discov Mater. 2025;5(1) [Crossref]
292- Yee Kuen C, Masarudin M. Chitosan Nanoparticle-Based System: A New Insight into the Promising Controlled Release System for Lung Cancer Treatment. Molecules. 2022;27(2):473 [Crossref]
293- Sarvepalli S, Kandagatla H. Injectable hydrogel formulations: Design, synthesis and applications for subcutaneous delivery – A comprehensive review. European Polymer Journal. 2025;222:113610 [Crossref]
294- Taghizadeh M, Aryan S, Rouhi M, Sobhiyeh M, Askari F, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Sohrabvandi S, khajavi M, Davachi S, Abbaspourrad A, Mohammadi R, Mortazavian A. Photo‐crosslinked gelatin–polyvinyl alcohol composite films: UV–riboflavin treatment for improving functional properties. J Food Process Preserv. 2020;44(7) [Crossref]
295- Fardous J, Yamamoto E, Omoso Y, Nagao S, Inoue Y, Yoshida K, Ikegami Y, Zhang Y, Shirakigawa N, Ono F, Ijima H. Development of a gel-in-oil emulsion as a transdermal drug delivery system for successful delivery of growth factors. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 2021;132(1):95 [Crossref]
296- Lim J, Lin Q, Xue K, Loh X. Recent advances in supramolecular hydrogels for biomedical applications. Materials Today Advances. 2019;3:100021 [Crossref]
297- Sakunpongpitiporn P, Morarad R, Naeowong W, Niamlang S, Sirivat A. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as an insulin carrier in silk fibroin hydrogels for transdermal delivery via iontophoresis. RSC Adv. 2024;14(3):1549 [Crossref]
298- Wei B, Mao R, Tian Q, Xiang H, Xu X, Wood C. Nanocellulose-Strengthened Particle Gel for Conformance Control in Fractured Tight Formations. Part I: Preparation and Mechanical Stability. Energy Fuels. 2020;34(5):5766 [Crossref]
299- Ijaola A, Subeshan B, Pham A, Uddin M, Yang S, Asmatulu E. Fabrication, Characterization, and In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of Tri-Layered Multifunctional Scaffold for Effective Chronic Wound Healing. Bioengineering. 2023;10(10):1148 [Crossref]
300- Ahmed Y, Tsai H, Wu T, Darge H, Chen Y. Role of thermal and reactive oxygen species-responsive synthetic hydrogels in localized cancer treatment (bibliometric analysis and review). Mater Adv. 2023;4(23):6118 [Crossref]
301- Saharan R, Paliwal S, Tiwari A, Babu M, Tiwari V, Singh R, Beniwal S, Kumar M, Sharma A, Almalki W, Kazmi I, Alzarea S, Kukreti N, Gupta G. Beyond traditional hydrogels: The emergence of graphene oxide-based hydrogels in drug delivery. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2024;94:105506 [Crossref]
302- U, Sarkar S, Bera S, Moitra P, Bhattacharya S. A self-healable and injectable hydrogel for pH-responsive doxorubicin drug delivery in vitro and in vivo for colon cancer treatment. Materials Today Chemistry. 2023;30:101554 [Crossref]
303- Eltahir S, Al homsi R, Jagal J, Ahmed I, Haider M. Graphene Oxide/Chitosan Injectable Composite Hydrogel for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin: An Approach for Enhanced Intratumoral Delivery. Nanomaterials. 2022;12(23):4261 [Crossref]
304- Samiraninezhad N, Asadi K, Rezazadeh H, Gholami A. Using chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and gelatin-based smart biological hydrogels for drug delivery in oral mucosal lesions: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2023;252:126573 [Crossref]
305- Pornpitchanarong C, Aye K, Arunprasert K, Opanasopit P, Patrojanasophon P. Computational Designed and Optimized Liposomal Curcumin-Embedded Bifunctional Cross-Linked Hydrogels for Wound Healing. Gels. 2024;10(9):598 [Crossref]
306- Vigata M, Meinert C, Pahoff S, Bock N, Hutmacher D. Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels Control the Localized Delivery of Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel. Polymers. 2020;12(2):501 [Crossref]
307- Mehra A, Tharmatt A, Saini N, Singh G, Kaur K, Singh G, Bedi N. In Situ Hydrogels for Effective Treatment of Cancer: Strategies and Polymers Used. RADDF. 2022;16(4):287 [Crossref]
308- Brown T, Stanton M, Cros F, Cho S, Kiselyov A. Design and development of microformulations for rapid release of small molecules and oligonucleotides. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023;188:106472 [Crossref]
309- Nigro F, Cerqueira Pinto C, dos Santos E, Mansur C. Niosome-based hydrogel as a potential drug delivery system for topical and transdermal applications. International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials. 2022;71(6):444 [Crossref]
310- Parhi R, Garg A. Recent Advances in 4D Printing: A Review of Current Smart Materials, Technologies, and Drug Delivery Systems. CPD. 2025;31(15):1180 [Crossref]
311- Morozova S, Korzhikova-Vlakh E. Fibrillar Hydrogel Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals Crosslinked via Diels–Alder Reaction: Preparation and pH-Sensitive Release of Benzocaine. Polymers. 2023;15(24):4689 [Crossref]
312- Srivastava N, Choudhury A. Stimuli-Responsive Polysaccharide-Based Smart Hydrogels and Their Emerging Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2023;62(2):841 [Crossref]
313- Sikach A, Konovalova V, Kolesnyk I. Hydrogel films based on sodium alginate modified with octane-1-amine: enhanced pore formation and potential applications in drug delivery systems. Him Fiz Tehnol Poverhni. 2024;15(1):43 [Crossref]
314- Elerian A, Mohamed A, Elnaggar E, Abu-Saied M. Development of novel proton exchange membranes based on cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSCA) for fuel cell applications. Discov Appl Sci. 2024;6(7) [Crossref]
315- Kang H, Lim H, Jang W, Cho J. Anti-Colorectal Cancer Activity of Panax and Its Active Components, Ginsenosides: A Review. IJMS. 2025;26(6):2593 [Crossref]
316- Hilal A, Florowska A, Florowski T, Wroniak M. A Comparative Evaluation of the Structural and Biomechanical Properties of Food-Grade Biopolymers as Potential Hydrogel Building Blocks. Biomedicines. 2022;10(9):2106 [Crossref]
317- Oliveira I, Gonçalves C, Shin M, Lee S, Reis R, Khang G, Oliveira J. Enzymatically crosslinked tyramine-gellan gum hydrogels as drug delivery system for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Drug Deliv and Transl Res. 2021;11(3):1288 [Crossref]
318- Ungureanu C, Răileanu S, Zgârian R, Tihan G, Burnei C. State-of-the-Art Advances and Current Applications of Gel-Based Membranes. Gels. 2024;10(1):39 [Crossref]
319- JIANG S, LIU Y, GU Y. SHORT PEPTIDE-BASED POLYSACCHARIDE HYDROGELS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING: A MINI REVIEW. Cellulose Chem Technol. 2023;57(5-6):459 [Crossref]
320- Nasra S, Patel M, Shukla H, Bhatt M, Kumar A. Functional hydrogel-based wound dressings: A review on biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy. Life Sciences. 2023;334:122232 [Crossref]
321- Bednarek M, Borska K, Kubisa P. Crosslinking of Polylactide by High Energy Irradiation and Photo-Curing. Molecules. 2020;25(21):4919 [Crossref]
322- Bouazzaoui A, Abdellatif A. Vaccine delivery systems and administration routes: Advanced biotechnological techniques to improve the immunization efficacy. Vaccine: X. 2024;19:100500 [Crossref]
323- Amiryaghoubi N, Fathi M, Barar J, Omidi Y. Hydrogel-based scaffolds for bone and cartilage tissue engineering and regeneration. Reactive and Functional Polymers. 2022;177:105313 [Crossref]
324- Dong Y, Bouché M, Uman S, Burdick J, Cormode D. Detecting and Monitoring Hydrogels with Medical Imaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2021;7(9):4027 [Crossref]
325- Kim D, Kim M, Lee J, Jang J. Review on Multicomponent Hydrogel Bioinks Based on Natural Biomaterials for Bioprinting 3D Liver Tissues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10 [Crossref]
326- Tanpichai S, Phoothong F, Boonmahitthisud A. Superabsorbent cellulose-based hydrogels cross-liked with borax. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1) [Crossref]
327- Yang P, Boer G, Snow F, Williamson A, Cheeseman S, Samarasinghe R, Rifai A, Priyam A, Elnathan R, Guijt R, Quigley A, Kaspa R, Nisbet D, Williams R. Test and tune: evaluating, adjusting and optimising the stiffness of hydrogels to influence cell fate. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2025;505:159295 [Crossref]
328- Park S, Kook M, Kim S, Lee J, Park C, Oh B, Jung Y, Hong I. Development of cell-laden multimodular Lego-like customizable endometrial tissue assembly for successful tissue regeneration. Biomater Res. 2023;27(1) [Crossref]
329- Do N, Truong Q, Le P, Ha A. Recent developments in chitosan hydrogels carrying natural bioactive compounds. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2022;294:119726 [Crossref]
330- Kuila S, Ghosh T, Roy S, Das Samanta L, Satpati A, Sahoo P. Synthesis of interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel using polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate for adsorptive separation of antibiotic molecules. Indian Chemical Engineer. 2025;:1 [Crossref]
331- Shumatbaeva A, Morozova J, Syakaev V, Zakharychev D, Sapunova A, Voloshina A, Bekmuratova F, Babaev V, Antipin I. A novel salt-responsive hydrogel on the base of calixresorcinarene–mPEG amide conjugate. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2021;611:125814 [Crossref]
332- Ho H, Day R, Craig D. An Investigation into the Effects of Processing Factors on the Properties and Scaling-Up Potential of Propranolol-Loaded Chitosan Nanogels. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(5):662 [Crossref]
333- Osadchenko S, Sten’kina M, Mezhuev Y, Shtil’man M. A New Biocompatible Release Material Based on Branched Polyvinyl Alcohol. Polym Sci Ser D. 2022;15(3):436 [Crossref]
334- Ullah A, Lee G, Kim H, Kwon H, Lim S. Development and evaluation of bioinspired pH-responsive sericin–chitosan-based hydrogel for controlled colonic delivery of PETase: Harnessing PETase-triggered degradation of microplastics. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2023;242:124698 [Crossref]
335- Mahmoud A, Saied M, Naser A, Fahmy A. Synthesis and Characterization of Nylon 6,6-Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Polyelectrolytic Membrane. Arab J Sci Eng. 2023;48(7):8941 [Crossref]
336- Fereydani N, Galehdari H, Hoveizi E, Alghasi A, Ajami M. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in two/ three-dimensional co-cultures with various source of stromal cells. Tissue and Cell. 2024;87:102331 [Crossref]
337- Stojanov S, Berlec A. Smart bionanomaterials for treatment and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. 2024;13(1) [Crossref]
338- Ngadimin K, Stokes A, Gentile P, Ferreira A. Biomimetic hydrogels designed for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomater Sci. 2021;9(12):4246 [Crossref]
339- Albarqi H, Alqahtani A, Ullah I, Khan N, Basit H, Iftikhar T, Wahab A, Ali M, Badar M. Microwave-Assisted Physically Cross-Linked Chitosan-Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Membrane Doped with Curcumin as a Novel Wound Healing Platform. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2022;23(2) [Crossref]
340- Iqbal K, Yahya S, Jadoon M, Yaseen E, Nadeem Z. Strategies for cadmium remediation in nature and their manipulation by molecular techniques: a comprehensive review. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 2024;21(16):10259 [Crossref]
341- Zhong H, Shan W, Liang L, Jiang X, Wu L. High stretchable and self-adhesive multifunctional hydrogel for wearable and flexible sensors. Heliyon. 2024;10(15):e35187 [Crossref]
342- Xu R, Zhao X, Ma S, Ma Z, Wang R, Cai M, Zhou F. Hydrogen bonding induced enhancement for constructing anisotropic sugarcane composite hydrogels. J of Applied Polymer Sci. 2021;138(46) [Crossref]
343- Chanabodeechalermrung B, Chaiwarit T, Sommano S, Rachtanapun P, Kantrong N, Chittasupho C, Jantrawut P. Dual Crosslinked Ion-Based Bacterial Cellulose Composite Hydrogel Containing Polyhexamethylene Biguanide. Membranes. 2022;12(9):825 [Crossref]
344- Tripathy D. Hydrogels: multifunctional biomaterials with versatile applications. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials. 2023;62(18):2403 [Crossref]
345- Miri A, Hosseinabadi H, Cecen B, Hassan S, Zhang Y. Permeability mapping of gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels. Acta Biomaterialia. 2018;77:38 [Crossref]
346- Nguyen C, Chow S, Nguyen H, Liu T, Walls A, Withey S, Liebig P, Mueller M, Thierry B, Yang C, Huang C. Formation of Zwitterionic and Self-Healable Hydrogels via Amino-yne Click Chemistry for Development of Cellular Scaffold and Tumor Spheroid Phantom for MRI. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024;16(28):36157 [Crossref]
347- Guerrero M, Filho D, Ayala A N, Rafael D, Andrade F, Marican A, Vijayakumar S, Durán-Lara E. Hydrogel-antimicrobial peptide association: A novel and promising strategy to combat resistant infections. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2025;247:114451 [Crossref]
348- Ahmadi S, Pourebrahimi S, Malloum A, Pirooz M, Osagie C, Ghosh S, Zafar M, Dehghani M. Hydrogel-based materials as antibacterial agents and super adsorbents for the remediation of emerging pollutants: A comprehensive review. Emerging Contaminants. 2024;10(3):100336 [Crossref]
349- Farid-ul-Haq M, Hussain M, Ali A, Haseeb M, Muhammad G, Tabassum T, Ashraf M, Tulain U, Erum A. A pH-responsive Artemisia vulgaris mucilage-co-acrylic acid hydrogel: Synthesis, characterization, controlled drug release, toxicity studies, and MRI. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2024;93:105468 [Crossref]
350- Glass S, Kühnert M, Lippmann N, Zimmer J, Werdehausen R, Abel B, Eulenburg V, Schulze A. Photosensitizer-loaded hydrogels for photodynamic inactivation of multirestistant bacteria in wounds. RSC Adv. 2021;11(13):7600 [Crossref]
351- Silva C, Ramos-Yacasi G, Mallandrich M, Colom-Codina H, Suñer-Carbó J, Pérez-González N, Calpena A, Fernández-Campos F. Alginate Hydrogel Formulation with Ketorolac for the Treatment of Pain Related Sialolithiasis. Gels. 2023;9(5):415 [Crossref]
352- Rudmianeh H, Shourian M, Ansari R, Pirbasti F, Asghari S. Polysaccharide Nanogels for the Delivery of Gemcitabine Hydrochloride. ACS Appl Polym Mater. 2021;3(12):6345 [Crossref]
353- Lin K, Wang A, Nguyen A, Iyer J, Tran S. Recent Advances in Hydrogels: Ophthalmic Applications in Cell Delivery, Vitreous Substitutes, and Ocular Adhesives. Biomedicines. 2021;9(9):1203 [Crossref]
354- Cordeiro A, Patil-Sen Y, Shivkumar M, Patel R, Khedr A, Elsawy M. Nanovaccine Delivery Approaches and Advanced Delivery Systems for the Prevention of Viral Infections: From Development to Clinical Application. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(12):2091 [Crossref]
355- Parhi R. A review of three-dimensional printing for pharmaceutical applications: Quality control, risk assessment and future perspectives. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2021;64:102571 [Crossref]