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eISSN: 2251-7308 
pISSN: 2228-5881 

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Adv Pharm Bull. 2021;11(1): 137-149. doi: 10.34172/apb.2021.015
PMID: 33747861        PMCID: PMC7961230

Research Article

Ethosomal Gel Formulation of Alpha Phellandrene for the Transdermal Delivery in Gout

Sony Valsalan Soba 1, Merin Babu 1, Rajitha Panonnummal 1 * ORCID

Cited by CrossRef: 13

1- Negreiros D, Cardoso C, Falcão M, Brathwaite A, Barbalho G, Cunha-Filho M, Silva J, Gelfuso G, Gratieri T. Validation of a chromatographic method for α-phellandrene quantification in skin permeation studies. Braz J Pharm Sci. 2025;61 [Crossref]
2- Mishra P, khan S, Rafi Z, Faruqui T, Mansoor S, Ahmad I, Ahmad I, Siddiqui S, Saeed M. Exploring the Significance and Cutting-Edge Applications of Terpenes and Terpenoid-Derived Inorganic Nanoparticles. sci adv mater. 2024;16(6):665 [Crossref]
3- Pathak P, Almalki W, Alruwaili N, Alzahrani A, Almujri S, Alhamyani A, Altamimi A, Sahoo A, Singh T, Barkat M, Kumar V, Verma A, Rahman M. Thymoquinone-loaded Nanosized Ethosomal-based Hydrogels: Their Preparation, Characterization, In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and Antimicrobial Evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus. CMC. 2025;32(22):4585 [Crossref]
4- Saifee M, Atre M, Toshniwal R. Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Ethosomal Gel of Repaglinide for Transdermal Delivery. Int j pharm phytopharm res. 2021;11(4):11 [Crossref]
5- Khan U, Kumar P, Yasmin S, Durgapal S, Ashique S, Verma A, Ansari M. Preparation and Evaluation of N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine Ethosomal Gel for the Treatment of Hyperpigmentation. J Pharm Innov. 2025;20(2) [Crossref]
6- Li D, Dong J, Xiong T, Zhou X, Li Y, Chen C, Li S, Song Z, Xu N, Yang M, Yan X, Liu T, Liu S. Transdermal delivery of iguratimod and colchicine ethosome by dissolving microneedle patch for the treatment of recurrent gout. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2024;242:114087 [Crossref]
7- Almuqbil R, Aldhubiab B. Ethosome-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery: Its Structural Components, Preparation Techniques, and Therapeutic Applications Across Metabolic, Chronic, and Oncological Conditions. Pharmaceutics. 2025;17(5):583 [Crossref]
8- Jogpal V, Sanduja M, Dutt R, Garg V, Garg T. Advancement of nanomedicines in chronic inflammatory disorders. Inflammopharmacol. 2022;30(2):355 [Crossref]
9- Lohakare N, Bhamare V, Chavan N, Shelar S, Mahajan H, Amrutkar R. Ethosome: An Innovative Perspective of Drug Delivery. PNT. 2025;13(4):712 [Crossref]
10- Rane B, Chaure P, Gawade S, Jain A, Shirode A, Kolhe Y. Design, Development, and Optimization of Ebastine-Loaded Nanofibers-Dispersed Transdermal Gel for the Chronic Urticaria (Hives). J Pharm Innov. 2026;21(1) [Crossref]
11- Rathod R, Pawar P. Transethosomal Carrier of Curcumin for Improved Topical Delivery: Optimization, In-vitro and Stability Assessment. MNS. 2024;16(2):97 [Crossref]
12- de Moraes Â, Ferreira O, da Costa L, Almeida L, Varela E, Cascaes M, de Jesus Pereira Franco C, Percário S, Nascimento L, de Oliveira M, Andrade E. Phytochemical Profile, Preliminary Toxicity, and Antioxidant Capacity of the Essential Oils of Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg. and Myrcia sylvatica (G. Mey) DC. (Myrtaceae). Antioxidants. 2022;11(10):2076 [Crossref]
13- S, H, P. Comparative Analysis of Loxoprofen Loaded Ethosomal Gel Formulations Incorporating Carbopol and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose. AJPS. 2026;25(5):781 [Crossref]
14- Mhatre N, Rane B, Padave A, Jain A. Bilastine-Loaded Transethosome Based Nanogel for the Treatment of Allergic Reactions: An In vitro Characterization. MNS. 2024;16(4):219 [Crossref]
15- Peng Z, Meng F, Deng Q, Huang Y, Mao D, Long Y, Yan W, Peng J, Wang X, Liu N. Advances in drug delivery systems for the management of gout and hyperuricemia. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16 [Crossref]
16- Mossmann V, Weimer P, Nunes K, Rossi R, Koester L. Essential Oil Extracted from the Leaves of Curcuma Longa L.: Application of an Agro-Industrial Residue in the Development of Anti-Inflammatory Nanoemulsions Intended for Skin Delivery. Chemistry Africa. 2024;7(4):1849 [Crossref]
17- Qi C, Mohd Nordin U, Mahmood S, Karusan N, Khalid R, Nordin N, Fornaguera C, Ahmad N. Gout Management Using Nanocarrier Systems: A Review. ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2024;7(9):9816 [Crossref]
18- Rajan P, Harihar S, Dunna N, Kumar A, Prabakaran N, Venkatabalasubramanian S. Methyl gallic acid entrapped ethosomal nano-vesicular system augments cytotoxicity against squamous cell carcinoma. 3 Biotech. 2023;13(7) [Crossref]
19- Niu J, Yuan M, Chen J, Wang L, Qi Y, Bai K, Fan Y, Gao P. L-Cysteine-Modified Transfersomes for Enhanced Epidermal Delivery of Podophyllotoxin. Molecules. 2023;28(15):5712 [Crossref]
20- Bhatia S, Singh V, Singh M, Singh D, Singh T, Piplani M, Singh R. Ethosomes: Novel Vesicular Carriers for Effective Transdermal Delivery of Natural Therapeutics. LDDD. 2024;21(4):665 [Crossref]
21- Rana M, Kumar A, Raguvaran R, Kumar R, Kumar P, Prajapati S, Prajapati A, Gupta M, Shukla R. Evaluation of antidermatophytic and wound-healing effect of garlic essential oil-loaded ethosomes formulation. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2025;113:107328 [Crossref]
22- Radice M, Durofil A, Ríos-Núñez S, Enríquez Estrella M, Vásquez-Cortez L, Plaza Forenza M, Abreu-Naranjo R, Gugel I, Manfredini S, Scalvenzi L. Schinus molle L. Essential Oil: Chemotypes, Bioactive Compounds, and Pharmaceutical Insights: A Systematic Review. Processes. 2026;14(2):180 [Crossref]
23- Fang Q, Li Y, Xiong F, Hu X, Song Y, Shen W, Dong H, Shi X, Wang H. Formulation and Characterization of Ethosomes for Transdermal Delivery of Prinsepia Utilis Rogle Seed Oil with Ameliorative Effects against UVB-Induced Skin Damage. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2024;25(5) [Crossref]
24- Karantas I, Miliotou A, Siafaka P. An Updated Review For Hyperuricemia and Gout Management; Special Focus on the Available Drug Delivery Systems and Clinical Trials. CMC. 2024;31(36):5856 [Crossref]
25- Dhembare P, Kusarkar P, Murgunde A. FORMULATION OF VITEX NEGUNDO ETHOSOMAL LOADED TOPICAL HERBAL GEL AND ITS EVALUATION FOR ARTHRITIS TREATMENT. IND DRU. 2023;60(11):36 [Crossref]