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Freq.: Quarterly

eISSN: 2251-7308 
pISSN: 2228-5881 

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Adv Pharm Bull. 2021;11(4): 601-617. doi: 10.34172/apb.2021.090
PMID: 34888207        PMCID: PMC8642800

Review Article

Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Hypertension: A Review

Raha Kamyab 1 ORCID, Hossein Namdar 2, Mohammadali Torbati 3 * ORCID, Morteza Ghojazadeh 4, Mostafa Araj-Khodaei 1,5, Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Fazljou 1 * ORCID

Cited by CrossRef: 27

1- Poulios E, Koukounari S, Psara E, Vasios G, Sakarikou C, Giaginis C. Anti-obesity Properties of Phytochemicals: Highlighting their Molecular Mechanisms against Obesity. CMC. 2024;31(1):25 [Crossref]
2- Raghavendra V, Sagar N, Kusha L, Krishna K, Sharma M, Sridhar K, Puttasiddaiah R. Recent advances on Nigella sativa – A promising herb: Antihypertensive properties, thimoquinone nanoformulations, and health applications. Pharmacological Research - Natural Products. 2024;3:100052 [Crossref]
3- Guzmán-Ávila R, Estrada-Soto S, Arias-Durán L, Millán-Pacheco C, Escalante-García J, Rios M, Flores-Morales V, Villalobos-Molina R, Pérez-Barrón G. Vasorelaxant and Antihypertensive Effects of (3β)-ursen-12-en-3,28-diol by NO/cGMP System. LDDD. 2023;20(12):1959 [Crossref]
4- Trias Pradana A, Haro G, Marbun N, Rahmi S, Iksen I. Identification of potential molecular target of hypertension from Allium schoenoprasum by using network pharmacology and molecular docking strategies. PHAR. 2023;70(3):699 [Crossref]
5- Choi D, Im H, Choi S, Han D. Safety classification of herbal medicine use among hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15 [Crossref]
6- González Mosquera D, Cañizares Carmenate Y, Rivero Arbolay A, Romero Borges R, García Gómez M, Blanco Machado F, Valcarel K, Díaz-Amador R, Osorio-Madrazo A, Saez G, Tuenter E. Evaluation of the antihypertensive activity of the aqueous extract and the major flavonoid from Boldoa purpurascens Cav. leaves. Fitoterapia. 2025;185:106724 [Crossref]
7- Shin S, Park J, Choi H, Bu Y, Lee K. Antihypertensive Effects of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino via NO/cGMP Pathway and Ca2+ and K+ Channels. Nutrients. 2024;16(17):3003 [Crossref]
8- Seok Y, Kim H, Kim H, Moon H, Han Y, Cho E, Leem H, Kim H, Shin S, Kim S, Jung J, Huang W, Jung K, Lee D, Jin S, Kim H, Yang C, Lee K, Park J. Modified Saengmaeksan, an herbal formula containing six herbs, improves hypertension through RhoA/Rho kinase-mediated vasorelaxation. Integrative Medicine Research. 2025;:101207 [Crossref]
9- Prabhakar P. Role of Indian Fruits in the Prevention and Management of Hypertension. 2022;8(3):135 [Crossref]
10- Ansari P, Reberio A, Ansari N, Kumar S, Khan J, Chowdhury S, Abd El-Mordy F, Hannan J, Flatt P, Abdel-Wahab Y, Seidel V. Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Phytoconstituents in Diabetes, Cancer, Infections, Cardiovascular Diseases, Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders. Biomedicines. 2025;13(2):454 [Crossref]
11- Khan M, Sherwani S, Alshammari M, Alsukaibi A, Khan W, Haque A, Alenezi K, Shahab U. Pharmacological Activities of Zingiber officinale Roscoe: Inhibition of HSA Protein Glycation, Structure Stability and Function Restoration. Pharmaceuticals. 2024;17(11):1469 [Crossref]
12- Kubwimana L, Dusingize M, Mizero D, Mutatsineza G, Nkurunziza F, Ingabire P, Hobabagabo A, Wong R. Exploring the experiences of traditional practitioners while managing hypertension in Rwanda. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2024;24(1) [Crossref]
13- Zhang K, Li Y, Lin X, Daneshar M, Karamian F, Li M. Effect of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers in adults: An umbrella review of the meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2024;34(12):2659 [Crossref]
14- Alum E. Role of phytochemicals in cardiovascular disease management: Insights into mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical application. Phytomedicine Plus. 2025;5(1):100695 [Crossref]
15- Sharma P, Singh V, Baldi A. Allo-polyherbal Approaches for Managing Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review. NPJ. 2024;14(5) [Crossref]
16- Uchida T. Taste Sensor Assessment of Bitterness in Medicines: Overview and Recent Topics. Sensors. 2024;24(15):4799 [Crossref]
17- Fazeli Moghadam E, Khaghani L, Shekarchizadeh-Esfahani P. Flaxseed Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Subjects: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Nutr Res. 2024;13(4):295 [Crossref]
18- Yang G, Zhu L, Wang Y, Yu Y, Liu X, Xia J, Yang Y, Wang H, Feng B. Antihypertensive effect of sinapine extracted from rapeseed meal in 2K1C hypertensive rats. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1) [Crossref]
19- Raj R, Garg M, Kaur A. Targeting Hypertension: A Review on Pathophysiological Factors and Treatment Strategies. CHYR. 2024;20(2):70 [Crossref]
20- Hendrayana T, Yoana K, Adnyana I, Sukandar E. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Fruit and Combination with Losartan Attenuate the Elevation of Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Rats Induced by Angiotensin II. J Pharmacopuncture. 2023;26(4):298 [Crossref]
21- Olufemi O. Exploring banana production in Africa for food security and economic growth—A short review. Food Nutr Chem. 2024;2(1):125 [Crossref]
22- El-Akhal J, Oliveira A, Bencheikh R, Valentão P, Andrade P, Morato M. Vasorelaxant Mechanism of Herbal Extracts from Mentha suaveolens, Conyza canadensis, Teucrium polium and Salvia verbenaca in the Aorta of Wistar Rats. Molecules. 2022;27(24):8752 [Crossref]
23- Agarwal S, Roy A, Tiwari V, Pal P, Kartika A, Sharma R, Singh A, Kumar S. In vivo safety assessment of a polyherbal formulation (Stress WIN) proposed for clinical hypertension management. Discov Appl Sci. 2024;6(10) [Crossref]
24- Anaeigoudari A. Hepato- and reno-protective effects of thymoquinone, crocin, and carvacrol. 2022;12(5):185 [Crossref]
25- Shaikh S, Shaikh A, Shaikh M. Diuretic Activity of Various Herbs in India: A Mini Review. Borneo J Pharm. 2023;6(4):349 [Crossref]
26- Sari Pratiwi D, Armayani A, Yati M, Poddar R. The effect of Bay Leaf Decoction on reducing Blood pressure in Hypertension patients in The working area of South Lasalimu. RJPT. 2024;:169 [Crossref]
27- Uchida T. Studies on Formulations from a Clinical Perspective. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI. 2025;145(5):433 [Crossref]
28- Ghazizadeh F, Khalili N. Hypertension Treatment in Central Iran with Medicinal Plants: A Review of Ethnobotanical Evidence from Iran. pbp. 2025;7(3):0 [Crossref]
29- Poulios E, Vasios G, Psara E, Antasouras G, Gialeli M, Pavlidou E, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A, Troumbis A, Giaginis C. Antioxidant Activity of Medicinal Plants and Herbs of North Aegean, Greece: Current Clinical Evidence and Future Perspectives. NPJ. 2024;14(3) [Crossref]
30- Wirtu S, Mishra A, Jule L, Ramaswamy K. Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum americanum: A Systematic Literature Review on Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Properties. Natural Product Communications. 2024;19(4) [Crossref]
31- Tanwar S, Parauha Y, There Y, Dhoble S. Green synthesis‐assisted copper nanoparticles using Aegle marmelos leaves extract: physical, optical, and antimicrobial properties. Luminescence. 2023;38(11):1912 [Crossref]
32- Younes A, Mustafa Y. Plant‐Derived Coumarins: A Narrative Review of Their Structural and Biomedical Diversity. Chemistry & Biodiversity. 2024;21(6) [Crossref]
33- Ma X, Zhang H, Jia J. The effect of garlic on the lowering of blood pressure in the patients with hypertension: an updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. 2025;19(3):131 [Crossref]
34- Berzou S, Labbaci F, Guenzet A, Dida-Taleb N, Mir H, Krouf D. Oil-extracted from flaxseeds protects against endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress by modulating nitric oxide, thiols contents and improving redox status in ouabain-induced hypertensive rats. Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme. 2024;38(2):120 [Crossref]