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Adv Pharm Bull. 2017;7(3): 367-374.
doi: 10.15171/apb.2017.044
PMID: 29071218
PMCID: PMC5651057
Scopus ID: 85030129572
  Abstract View: 1670
  PDF Download: 1467

Research Article

Melatonin and N- Acetylcysteine as Remedies for Tramadol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

Elias Adikwu 1*, Bonsome Bokolo 2

1 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author: Email: adikwuelias@gmail.com

Abstract

Purpose: The therapeutic benefit derived from the clinical use of tramadol (TD) has been characterized by hepatotoxicity due to misuse and abuse. The implications of drug-induced hepatotoxicity include socio-economic burden which makes the search for remedy highly imperative. The present study investigated the protective effects of melatonin (MT) and n-acetylcysteine (NAC) on TD-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.

Methods: Forty five adult rats used for this study were divided into nine groups of five rats each. The rats were pretreated with 10mg/kg/day of NAC, 10mg/kg/day of MT and combined doses of NAC and MT prior to the administration of 15 mg/kg/day of TD intraperitoneally for 7 days respectively. At the termination of drug administration, rats were weighed, sacrificed, and serum was extracted and evaluated for liver function parameters. The liver was harvested, weighed and evaluated for oxidative stress indices and liver enzymes.

Results: Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, and malondialdehyde levels were significantly (P<0.05) increased in rats administered with TD when compared to control. Furthermore, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were decreased significantly (P<0.05) in rats administered with TD when compared to control. The Liver of TD-treated rats showed necrosis of hepatocytes. However, the observed biochemical and liver histological alterations in TD-treated rats were attenuated in NAC and MT pretreated rats. Interestingly, pretreatment with combined doses of NAC and MT produced significant (P<0.05) effects on all evaluated parameters in comparison to their individual doses.

Conclusion: Based on the findings in this study, melatonin and n- acetylcysteine could be used clinically as remedies for tramadol associated hepatotoxity.


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Submitted: 07 Jan 2017
Revision: 17 Jul 2017
Accepted: 19 Jul 2017
ePublished: 25 Sep 2017
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