Javad Khalili Fard
1,2,3,4, Samira Jafari
4,5, Mohammad Ali Eghbal
2,3*1 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
5 Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
Abstract
In recent decades, the use of nanomaterials has
received much attention in industrial and medical fields. However, some reports
have mentioned adverse effects of these materials on the biological systems and
cellular components. There are several major mechanisms for cytotoxicity of
nanoparticles (NPs) such as physicochemical properties, contamination with
toxic element, fibrous structure, high surface charge and radical species
generation. In this review, a brief key mechanisms involved in toxic effect of NPs
are given, followed by the in vitro toxicity assays of NPs and prooxidant
effects of several NPs such as carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide NPs, quantum
dots, gold NPs and silver NPs.