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Adv Pharm Bull. 2015;5(4): 447-454.
doi: 10.15171/apb.2015.061
PMID: 26819915
PMCID: PMC4729339
Scopus ID: 84949657909
  Abstract View: 3968
  PDF Download: 3087

Review Article

A Review of Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Toxicity of Nanoparticles

Javad Khalili Fard 1,2,3,4, Samira Jafari 4,5, Mohammad Ali Eghbal 2,3*

1 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
5 Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
*Corresponding Author: Email: m.a.eghbal@hotmail.com

Abstract

In recent decades, the use of nanomaterials has received much attention in industrial and medical fields. However, some reports have mentioned adverse effects of these materials on the biological systems and cellular components. There are several major mechanisms for cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) such as physicochemical properties, contamination with toxic element, fibrous structure, high surface charge and radical species generation. In this review, a brief key mechanisms involved in toxic effect of NPs are given, followed by the in vitro toxicity assays of NPs and prooxidant effects of several NPs such as carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide NPs, quantum dots, gold NPs and silver NPs.
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Submitted: 04 Feb 2015
Revision: 20 Aug 2015
Accepted: 25 Aug 2015
ePublished: 30 Nov 2015
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