Logo-apb
Adv Pharm Bull. 2021;11(1): 137-149.
doi: 10.34172/apb.2021.015
PMID: 33747861
PMCID: PMC7961230
Scopus ID: 85096964561
  Abstract View: 1280
  PDF Download: 796
  Full Text View: 353

Research Article

Ethosomal Gel Formulation of Alpha Phellandrene for the Transdermal Delivery in Gout

Sony Valsalan Soba 1, Merin Babu 1, Rajitha Panonnummal 1* ORCID logo

1 Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Center, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Kochi-682041 India.
*Corresponding Author: *Corresponding Author: Rajitha Panonnummal, Tel: 9446477205, Email: , Email: rajitha@aims.amrita.edu

Abstract

Purpose: Purpose was to improve the skin compatibility and permeability of alpha phellandrene through an ethosomal gel formulation for the treatment of gout; as the oral use of the drug is reported to cause gastrointestinal disturbances and toxicities.

Methods: Alpha phellandrene loaded ethosomal formulation (APES) was prepared by cold method for the treatment of gout. APES were loaded into carbopol gel (APEG) by dispersion method. Physico-chemical characterizations of the APES were done by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. In vitro release, permeation, haemo-compatibility and anti-inflammatory studies were conducted.

Results: APES showed a particle size of 364.83 ± 45.84 nm. The entrapment efficiency of the optimized formulation is found as 95.06 ± 2.51%. Hemolysis data indicated that APES does not cause any significant hemolysis. In vitro drug release studies were carried out using dialysis membrane technique and the amount of drug released from APES & APEG is found to be 95% and 94.21% respectively after 5 and6 hours. Kinetic data analysis revealed that APES & APEG follows first order and zero order release kinetics, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity studies of the formulation are done by estimating its inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase II (COX) II, lipoxygenase-5 (LOX-5), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) & cellular nitrite level using RAW 264.7 cells. The significant inhibition in the activities of the enzymes implies the anti-inflammatory activity of the formulations. Skin permeation study was carried out using porcine skin and revealed that the permeation of alpha phellandrene is increased from APES & APEG when compared with alpha-phellandrene solution (APS). Skin deposition study of APS, APES & APEG revealed better drug deposition from APEG (48.799 ± 1.547µg/cm2 ) after 24 hours when compared with APS & APES.

Conclusion: Overall results indicate that the ethosomal formulation of alpha phellandrene through transdermal route is an effective alternative for oral use of the drug.

First Name
 
Last Name
 
Email Address
 
Comments
 
Security code


Abstract View: 1194

Your browser does not support the canvas element.


PDF Download: 796

Your browser does not support the canvas element.


Full Text View: 353

Your browser does not support the canvas element.

Submitted: 29 Oct 2019
Revision: 24 Feb 2020
Accepted: 16 Apr 2020
ePublished: 07 Nov 2020
EndNote EndNote

(Enw Format - Win & Mac)

BibTeX BibTeX

(Bib Format - Win & Mac)

Bookends Bookends

(Ris Format - Mac only)

EasyBib EasyBib

(Ris Format - Win & Mac)

Medlars Medlars

(Txt Format - Win & Mac)

Mendeley Web Mendeley Web
Mendeley Mendeley

(Ris Format - Win & Mac)

Papers Papers

(Ris Format - Win & Mac)

ProCite ProCite

(Ris Format - Win & Mac)

Reference Manager Reference Manager

(Ris Format - Win only)

Refworks Refworks

(Refworks Format - Win & Mac)

Zotero Zotero

(Ris Format - Firefox Plugin)