Elahehnaz Parhizkar
1 
, Delaram Sadeghinia
1, Hamed Hamishehkar
2, Shadi Yaqoubi
3, Ali Nokhodchi
4 , Shohreh Alipour
5* 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Biotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK. 5 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Department of Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
5 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Department of Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Abstract
Purpose: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide life-threatening infection. Therecommended anti-TB regimen contains oral administration of classical first-line drugs suchas rifampin for 6-24 months which often leads to low patient compliance due to high adverseeffects; therefore, lung localized pulmonary delivery of anti-TB agents may be a suitablealternative. Proliposomes free-flowing powders are well-known carriers for lung delivery sincethey can form liposomes by hydration. Liposomes are safe and useful carriers for lung deliverydue to their phospholipid structure.Methods: Porous lactose and mannitol as proliposome carriers were prepared by spray dryingtechnique using sucrose and citric acid as templating agents. Design Expert® software wasused to develop forty formulations based on the porous and non-porous carriers, which werecharacterized with respect to their weight yield, density, and flowability. Rifampin-loadedhydrated liposomes were produced and evaluated for size, morphology, loading capacityand encapsulation efficiency. The optimized proliposomes in vitro release and aerosolizationproperties were evaluated. Solid-state analysis was confirmed by differential scanningcalorimetry (DSC).Results: Porous lactose surface area was 80 folds higher than non-porous one, respectively.Optimized porous-based proliposome indicated the acceptable aerosolization properties,including mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 6.21 ± 0.36 μm and fine particlefraction (FPF) of 9.17 ± 0.18% with a fast rifampin release (80%) within one hour. DSC resultsproved that there was no change in the solid-state of rifampin during the production process.Conclusion: Hence, it seems; rifampin loaded inhalable proliposomes may be a suitable systemfor delivering liposomal rifampin into the lungs.