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Adv Pharm Bull. 2019;9(2): 294-301.
doi: 10.15171/apb.2019.034
PMID: 31380256
PMCID: PMC6664115
Scopus ID: 85068565870
  Abstract View: 1559
  PDF Download: 852

Research Article

Carnosine Mitigates Manganese Mitotoxicity in an In Vitro Model of Isolated Brain Mitochondria

Vahid Ghanbarinejad 1,2, Asrin Ahmadi 1, Hossein Niknahad 1,2, Mohammad Mehdi Ommati 1, Reza Heidari 1* ORCID logo

1 Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
*Corresponding Author: Email: rheidari@sums.ac.ir

Abstract

Purpose: Manganese (Mn) is a neurotoxic chemical which induces a wide range of complications in the brain tissue. Impaired locomotor activity and cognitive dysfunction are associated with high brain Mn content. At the cellular level, mitochondria are potential targets for Mn toxicity. Carnosine is a dipeptide abundantly found in human brain. Several pharmacological properties including mitochondrial protecting and antioxidative effects have been attributed to carnosine. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of carnosine treatment on Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in isolated brain mitochondria.

Methods: Mice brain mitochondria were isolated based on the differential centrifugation method and exposed to increasing concentrations of Mn (10 µM-10 mM). Carnosine (1 mM) was added as the protective agent. Mitochondrial indices including mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity, ATP content, and mitochondrial swelling and permeabilization were assessed.

Results: Significant deterioration in mitochondrial indices were evident in Mn-exposed brain mitochondria. On the other hand, it was found that carnosine (1 mM) treatment efficiently prevented Mn-induced mitochondrial impairment.

Conclusion: These data propose mitochondrial protection as a fundamental mechanism for the effects of carnosine against Mn toxicity. Hence, this peptide might be applicable against Mn neurotoxicity with different etiologies (e.g., in cirrhotic patients).

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Submitted: 20 Jul 2018
Revision: 30 Dec 2018
Accepted: 14 Apr 2019
ePublished: 01 Jun 2019
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